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draft-ietf-isms-transport-security-model-09.txt --> draft-ietf-isms-transport-security-model-10.txt

Network Working Group D. Harrington
Internet-Draft Huawei Technologies (USA)
Intended status: Standards Track W. Hardaker
Expires: April 9, May 5, 2009 Sparta, Inc.
October 6,
November 1, 2008

Transport Security Model for SNMP
draft-ietf-isms-transport-security-model-09
draft-ietf-isms-transport-security-model-10

Status of This Memo

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This Internet-Draft will expire on April 9, May 5, 2009.

Abstract

This memo describes a Transport Security Model for the Simple Network
Management Protocol.

This memo also defines a portion of the Management Information Base
(MIB) for use with network management protocols in TCP/IP based
internets. In particular it defines objects for monitoring and managing the Transport Security Model for
SNMP.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

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1.1. The Internet-Standard Management Framework . . . . . . . . 4

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1.2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3. Modularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5. Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2. How the Transport Security Model Fits in the Architecture . . 6
2.1. Security Capabilities of this Model . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1. Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.2. Security Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7
2.2. No Transport Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3. Coexistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4. Security Parameter Passing . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1. Coexistence with Message Processing Models . . . . . . 8
2.3.2. Coexistence with Other Security Models . 10
2.5. Notifications and Proxy . . . . . . . 8
2.3.3. Coexistence with Transport Models . . . . . . . . . . 10 9
3. Cached Information and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9
3.1. securityStateReference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9
3.2. tmStateReference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 10
3.2.1. Transport information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 10
3.2.2. securityName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 11
3.2.3. securityLevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 11
3.2.4. Session Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 12
3.3. Transport Security Model Cached Information . . . . . . . 14 12
3.3.1. tmStateReference securityStateReference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3.2. tmStateReference . . . 14
3.3.2. securityStateReference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 13
3.3.3. Prefixes and securityNames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4. Processing an Outgoing Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 13
4.1. Security Processing for an Outgoing Message . . . . . . . 15 14
4.2. Elements of Procedure for Outgoing Messages . . . . . . . 16 15
5. Processing an Incoming SNMP Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 16
5.1. Security Processing for an Incoming Message . . . . . . . 17 16
5.2. Elements of Procedure for Incoming Messages . . . . . . . 18 17
6. MIB Module Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 18
6.1. Structure of the MIB Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2. 18
6.1.1. The snmpTsmStats Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.3. 18
6.1.2. The snmpTsmConfiguration Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.4. 18
6.2. Relationship to Other MIB Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.4.1. Relationship to the SNMPv2-MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.4.2. Relationship to the SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB . . . . . . . . 20
6.4.3.
6.2.1. MIB Modules Required for IMPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . 20 19
7. MIB module definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 19
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 24
8.1. MIB module security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 24
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 25
10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 26
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 26
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 26
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 27
Appendix A. Notification Tables Configuration . . . . . . . . . . 28 27
A.1. Transport Security Model Processing for Notifications . . 30 29
Appendix B. Processing Differences between USM and Secure

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Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 29

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B.1. USM and the RFC3411 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 30
B.2. Transport Subsystem and the RFC3411 Architecture . . . . . 31 30
Appendix C. Open Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 31
Appendix D. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 31

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1. Introduction

This memo describes a Transport Security Model for the Simple Network
Management Protocol, for use with secure Transport Models in the
Transport Subsystem [I-D.ietf-isms-tmsm].

It is important to understand the SNMP architecture and the
terminology of the architecture to understand where the Transport
Security Model described in this memo fits into the architecture and
interacts with other subsystems and models within the architecture.
It is expected that reader will have also read and understood RFC3411
[RFC3411], RFC3412 [RFC3412], RFC3413 [RFC3413], and RFC3418
[RFC3418].

1.1. The Internet-Standard Management Framework

For a detailed overview of the documents that describe the current
Internet-Standard Management Framework, please refer to section 7 of
RFC 3410 [RFC3410].

Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
the Management Information Base or MIB. MIB objects are generally
accessed through the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the
Structure of Management Information (SMI). This memo specifies a MIB
module that is compliant to the SMIv2, which is described in STD 58,
RFC 2578 [RFC2578], STD 58, RFC 2579 [RFC2579] and STD 58, RFC 2580
[RFC2580].

1.2. Conventions

For consistency with SNMP-related specifications, this document
favors terminology as defined in STD62 rather than favoring
terminology that is consistent with non-SNMP specifications that use
different variations of the same terminology. This is consistent
with the IESG decision to not require the SNMPv3 terminology be
modified to match the usage of other non-SNMP specifications when
SNMPv3 was advanced to Full Standard.

Authentication in this document typically refers to the English
meaning of "serving to prove the authenticity of" the message, not
data source authentication or peer identity authentication.

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The terms "manager" and "agent" are not used in this document,

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because in the RFC 3411 architecture, all SNMP entities have the
capability of acting as either manager or agent or both depending on
the SNMP applications included in the engine. Where distinction is
required, the application names of Command Generator, Command
Responder, Notification Originator, Notification Receiver, and Proxy
Forwarder are used. See "SNMP Applications" [RFC3413] for further
information.

While security protocols frequently refer to a user, the terminology
used in RFC3411 [RFC3411] and in this memo is "principal". A
principal is the "who" on whose behalf services are provided or
processing takes place. A principal can be, among other things, an
individual acting in a particular role; a set of individuals, with
each acting in a particular role; an application or a set of
applications, or a combination of these within an administrative
domain.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

1.3. Modularity

The reader is expected to have read and understood the description of
the SNMP architecture, as defined in [RFC3411], and the architecture
extension specified in "Transport Subsystem for the Simple Network
Management Protocol" [I-D.ietf-isms-tmsm], which enables the use of
external "lower layer transport" protocols to provide message
security, tied into the SNMP architecture through the Transport
Subsystem. The Transport Security Model is designed to work with
such lower-layer secure Transport Models.

In keeping with the RFC 3411 design decisions to use self-contained
documents, this memo includes the elements of procedure plus
associated MIB objects which are needed for processing the Transport
Security Model for SNMP. These MIB objects SHOULD NOT be referenced
in other documents. This allows the Transport Security Model to be
designed and documented as independent and self-contained, having no
direct impact on other modules, and allowing this module to be
upgraded and supplemented as the need arises, and to move along the
standards track on different time-lines from other modules.

This modularity of specification is not meant to be interpreted as
imposing any specific requirements on implementation.

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1.4. Motivation

This memo describes a Security Model to make use of Transport Models
that use lower layer secure transports and existing and commonly
deployed security infrastructures. This Security Model is designed
to meet the security and operational needs of network administrators,
maximize usability in operational environments to achieve high
deployment success and at the same time minimize implementation and
deployment costs to minimize the time until deployment is possible.

1.5. Constraints

The design of this SNMP Security Model is also influenced by the
following constraints:

1. In times of network stress, the security protocol and its
underlying security mechanisms SHOULD NOT depend solely upon the
ready availability of other network services (e.g., Network Time
Protocol (NTP) or Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
(AAA) protocols).

2. When the network is not under stress, the Security Model and its
underlying security mechanisms MAY depend upon the ready
availability of other network services.

3. It may not be possible for the Security Model to determine when
the network is under stress.

4. A Security Model should require no changes to the SNMP
architecture.

5. A Security Model should require no changes to the underlying
security protocol.

2. How the Transport Security Model Fits in the Architecture

The Transport Security Model is designed to fit into the RFC3411
architecture as a Security Model in the Security Subsystem, and to
utilize the services of a secure Transport Model.

A cache, referenced by tmStateReference, is used to pass information
between the

For incoming messages, a secure Transport Security Model and will pass a
tmStateReference cache, described later. To maintain RFC3411
modularity, the Transport Model, and vice
versa. Model will not know which securityModel
will process the incoming message; the Message Processing Model will
determine this. If the Transport Security Model is used with an insecure a non-
secure Transport Model, then the cache will not exist or not be
populated with security parameters, which will cause the Transport
Security Model to return an error (see section 5.2) If another Security Model
(eg Community-based Security Model) is used with a secure Transport
Model, then the cache may be populated but the other Security Model

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may be unaware of the cache and ignore its contents (eg deriving the
securityName from the Community name in the message instead of
deriving it from the tmSecurityName in the tmStateReference cache).

For incoming messages, a secure Transport Model creates a
tmStateReference cache including a tmTransport, tmAddress,
tmSecurityName and a tmTransportSecurityLevel, and it MAY include
transport-specific information.

The Transport Security Model will
determine create the security-model-independent securityName and
securityLevel,
securityLevel to be passed to applications, and will verify that the
tmTransportSecurityLevel reported by the Transport Model is at least
as strong as the securityLevel requested securityLevel. As with all security
models, the securityName represents the principal on whose behalf a
received SNMP message claims to have been generated. It is not
possible to assure the specific principal that originated a received
SNMP message; rather, it is the principal on whose behalf by the message
was originated that is authenticated. Message Processing
Model.

For outgoing messages, the Transport Security Model creates will create a
tmStateReference cache
containing the transportDomain, transportAddress, and a
tmSecurityName and tmRequestedSecurityLevel (or use an existing one), and passes pass the
tmStateReference cache to the specified Transport Model.

To maintain

2.1. Security Capabilities of this Model

2.1.1. Threats

The Transport Security Model is compatible with the RFC3411 modularity, the Transport Model does not know
which securityModel will be used for an incoming message; the Message
Processing Model will determine the securityModel to be used, in a
Message Processing Model dependent manner.

2.1. Security Capabilities of this Model

2.1.1. Threats

The Transport Security Model, when used with suitable secure
Transport Models, provides protection against
architecture, and provides protection against the threats identified
by the RFC 3411 architecture [RFC3411].

Which threats are addressed depends on the Transport Model. The
Transport Security Model does not address any threats itself, but
delegates that responsibility to a secure Transport Model.

The Transport Security Model is called a Security Model to be
compatible with the RFC3411 architecture. However, this the Transport Security Model
does not provide security mechanisms such as authentication and
encryption itself, so it SHOULD always be used with a Transport Model
that provides appropriate security.

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how they are mitigated depends on the Transport Security Model for SNMP October 2008 Model.

2.1.2. Security Levels

The RFC 3411 architecture recognizes three levels of security:

- without authentication and without privacy (noAuthNoPriv)

- with authentication but without privacy (authNoPriv)

- with authentication and with privacy (authPriv)

The model-independent securityLevel parameter is used to request
specific levels of security for outgoing messages, and to assert that
specific levels of security were applied during the transport and
processing of incoming messages.

The transport layer algorithms used to provide security SHOULD NOT be
exposed to the Transport Security Model, as the Transport Security
Model has no mechanisms by which it can test whether an assertion
made by a Transport Model is accurate.

The Transport Security Model trusts that the underlying secure
transport connection has been properly configured to support security
characteristics at least as strong as reported in
tmTransportSecurityLevel.

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2.2. No Transport Sessions

The Transport Security Model will associate does not work with transport sessions
directly. Instead the transport-related state regarding each
message and each known remote engine is associated with a
unique combination of transportDomain, transportAddress, securityName, securityModel, securityName
and
securityLevel.

The Transport Security Model does not recognize sessions of any kind,
although they may be supported by securityLevel, and referenced via the tmStateReference parameter.
How and if this is mapped to a particular transport model.

2.3. Coexistence

There are two primary factors which determine whether Security Models
can coexist. First, there must be a mechanism to select different
Security Models at run-time. Second, or channel is the processing
responsibility of one Security
Model should not impact the processing of another Security Model. Transport Subsystem.

2.3. Coexistence

In the RFC3411 architecture, a Message Processing Model determines
which Security Model should be called. As of this writing, IANA has
registered four Message Processing Models (SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, SNMPv2u/
SNMPv2*, and SNMPv3) and three other Security Models (SNMPv1,
SNMPv2c, and the User-based Security Model).

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2.3.1. Coexistence with Message Processing Models

The SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c message processing described in RFC3584 (BCP
74) [RFC3584] always selects the SNMPv1(1) and SNMPv2c(2) Security Model for an
SNMPv1 message, or the SNMPv2c(2) Security Model for an SNMPv2c
message.
Models. Since there is no field mechanism defined in the message format that permits
specifying a Security Model, RFC3584 message processing does not
permit the selection of to select an
alternative Security Models other than SNMPv1 or SNMPv2.
Therefore, Model, SNMPv1 or and SNMPv2c messages that go through the SNMPv1 or
SNMPv2 Message Processing Models **as defined in RFC3584** cannot use
the Transport Security Model. (This does not mean an SNMPv1 or
SNMPv2 message cannot use Such messages can still be conveyed
over a secure transport model, only that protocol, but the
RFC3584 Message Processing Transport Security Model
will not invoke this security
model.) be invoked.

The SNMPv2u/SNMPv2* Message Processing Model is a historic artifact
for which there is no existing IETF specification.

The SNMPv3 message processing defined in RFC3412 [RFC3412], extracts
the securityModel from the msgSecurityModel field of an incoming
SNMPv3Message. When the extracted this value of msgSecurityModel is transportSecurityModel(YY),
security processing is directed to the Transport Security Model. For
an outgoing message to be secured using the Transport Security Model, msgSecurityModel should be set to
transportSecurityModel(YY).

[-- NOTE to RFC editor: replace YY with actual IANA-assigned number,
and remove this note. ]

The Transport Security Model uses its own MIB module for processing
to maintain independence from other Security Models. This allows
the
Transport Security Model to coexist with other Security Models, such
as the User-based Security Model.

The Transport Security Model may work with multiple Transport Models,
but the isAccessAllowed() application service interfaces (ASI) does
not accept should specify a securityModel parameter value for the Transport Model. This security model MAY
prepend a transport model identifier to securityName (if enabled by
the snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix object), to allow different access
control policies for identities authenticated by different Transport
Models that use the Transport Security Model.

The MIB module defined in this memo allows an administrator to
configure the Transport Security Model to disable support for
specific transport models, and to prepend a transport model
identifier to the securityName.

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2.4. Security Parameter Passing

For outgoing messages, the Transport Security Model uses parameters
provided by the SNMP application to look up or create an entry in the
SNMP-TSM-MIB. From such an entry, the Transport Security Model
creates a tmStateReference. The wholeMsg and the tmStateReference
are passed to the appropriate Transport Model through a series of
ASIs, as described in "Transport Subsystem for the Simple Network
Management Protocol" [I-D.ietf-isms-tmsm].

For incoming messages, a transport model accepts messages from the
lower layer transport, and records the transport-related information
and security-related information, including a human-readable name
that represents the transport-authenticated identity, and a
securityLevel that represents the security features provided during
transport,
transportSecurityModel(YY) in an implementation-dependent manner. From this
information, the transport model creates a tmStateReference to pass
to whichever security model is selected by the Message Processing
Model. The wholeMsg and the tmStateReference are passed to the
appropriate Security Model through a series of ASIs, as described in
"Transport Subsystem for the Simple Network Management Protocol"
[I-D.ietf-isms-tmsm].

2.5. Notifications and Proxy

The SNMP-TARGET-MIB module [RFC3413] contains objects for defining
management targets, including transportDomain, transportAddress,
securityName, securityModel, and securityLevel parameters, for
applications such as notifications and proxy. Transport type and
address are configured in the snmpTargetAddrTable, and the
securityModel, securityName, and securityLevel parameters are
configured in the snmpTargetParamsTable. Note that if
snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix is set to true then the securityName
value defined in the SNMP-TARGET-MIB must contain the proper
transport prefix for the configured target to function.

The default approach is for an administrator to statically configure
this information to identify the targets authorized to receive
notifications or perform proxy.

These parameters are passed to the security model using the
appropriate ASIs. sendPdu ASI.

[-- NOTE to RFC editor: replace YY with actual IANA-assigned number,
and remove this note. ]

2.3.2. Coexistence with Other Security Models

The Transport Security Model will use the
parameters to determine how uses its own MIB module for processing
to create maintain independence from other Security Models. This allows the appropriate
tmStateReference for
Transport Security Model to coexist with other Security Models, such
as the selected transport model. User-based Security Model.

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2.3.3. Coexistence with Transport Models

The Transport Security Model may work with multiple Transport Models,
but the RFC3411 application service interfaces (ASIs) do not carry a
value for the Transport Model. The MIB module defined in this memo
allows an administrator to configure whether or not TSM prepends a
transport model prefix to the securityName. This will allow SNMP
applications to consider transport model as a factor when making
decisions, such as access control, notification generation, and proxy
forwarding.

3. Cached Information and References

When performing SNMP processing, there are two levels of state
information that may need to be retained: the immediate state linking
a request-response pair, and potentially longer-term state relating
to transport and security.

The RFC3411 architecture uses caches to maintain the short-term
message state, and uses references in the ASIs to pass this
information between subsystems.

This document defines the requirements for a cache to handle the
longer-term transport state information, using a tmStateReference
parameter to pass this information between subsystems.

To simplify the elements of procedure, the release of state
information is not always explicitly specified. As a general rule,
if state information is available when a message being processed gets
discarded, the state related to that message SHOULD also be
discarded. If state information is available when a relationship
between engines is severed, such as the closing of a transport
session, the state information for that relationship SHOULD also be
discarded.

Since the contents of a cache are meaningful only within an
implementation, and not on-the-wire, the format of the cache and the
LCD are is
implementation-specific.

3.1. securityStateReference

The securityStateReference parameter is defined in RFC3411. Its
primary purpose is to provide a mapping between a request and the
corresponding response. This cache is not accessible to Transport
Models, and an entry is typically only retained for the lifetime of a
request-response pair of messages.

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3.2. tmStateReference

For each transport session, information about the transport security
is stored in a cache. The tmStateReference parameter is used to pass
model-specific and mechanism-specific parameters between the
Transport subsystem and transport-aware Security Models.

The tmStateReference cache will typically remain valid for the
duration of the transport session, and hence may be used for several
messages.

Since this cache is only used within an implementation, and not on-

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the-wire, the precise contents and format are implementation-
dependent. However, for interoperability between Transport Models
and transport-aware Security Models, entries in this cache must
include at least the following fields:

transportDomain

transportAddress

tmSecurityName

tmRequestedSecurityLevel

tmTransportSecurityLevel

tmSameSecurity

tmSessionID

3.2.1. Transport information

Information about the source of an incoming SNMP message is passed up
from the Transport subsystem as far as the Message Processing
subsystem. However these parameters are not included in the
processIncomingMsg ASI defined in RFC3411, and hence this information
is not directly available to the Security Model.

A transport-aware Security Model might wish to take account of the
transport protocol and originating address when authenticating the
request, and setting up the authorization parameters. It is
therefore necessary for the Transport Model to include this
information in the tmStateReference cache, so that it is accessible
to the Security Model.

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o transportDomain: the transport protocol (and hence the Transport
Model) used to receive the incoming message

o transportAddress: the source of the incoming message.

Note that the

The ASIs used for processing an outgoing message all include explicit
transportDomain and transportAddress parameters.
These fields The values within
the tmStateReference securityStateReference cache will typically not be
used might override these parameters for
outgoing messages.

3.2.2. securityName

There are actually three distinct "identities" that can be identified
during the processing of an SNMP request over a secure transport:

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o transport principal: the transport-authenticated identity, on
whose behalf the secure transport connection was (or should be)
established. This value is transport-, mechanism- and
implementation- specific, and is only used within a given
Transport Model.

o tmSecurityName: a human-readable name (in snmpAdminString format)
representing this transport identity. This value is transport-
and implementation-specific, and is only used (directly) by the
Transport and Security Models.

o securityName: a human-readable name (in snmpAdminString format)
representing the SNMP principal in a model-independent manner.
Depending on configuration this value may be prefixed by a
transport domain specific prefix followed by a ':' (ASCII 0x3a) to
help distinguish between securityNames from different secure
transports.

o Note that the

The transport principal may or may not be the same as the
tmSecurityName. Similarly, the tmSecurityName may or may not be the
same as the securityName as seen by the Application and Access
Control subsystems. In particular, a non-transport-aware Security
Model will ignore tmSecurityName completely when determining the SNMP
securityName.

However it is important that the mapping between the transport
principal and the SNMP securityName (for transport-aware Security
Models) is consistent and predictable, to allow configuration of
suitable access control and the establishment of transport
connections.

3.2.3. securityLevel

There are two distinct issues relating to security level as applied
to secure transports. For clarity, these are handled by separate
fields in the tmStateReference cache:

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o tmTransportSecurityLevel: an indication from the Transport Model
of the level of security offered by this session. The Security
Model can use this to ensure that incoming messages were suitably
protected before acting on them.

o tmRequestedSecurityLevel: an indication from the Security Model of
the level of security required to be provided by the transport
protocol. The Transport Model can use this to ensure that
outgoing messages will not be sent over an insufficiently secure
session.

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3.2.4. Session Information

For security reasons, if a secure transport session is closed between
the time a request message is received and the corresponding response
message is sent, then the response message SHOULD be discarded, even
if a new session has been established. The SNMPv3 WG decided that
this should be a SHOULD architecturally, and it is a security-model-
specific decision whether to REQUIRE this.

When processing an outgoing message, if tmSameSecurity is true, then
the tmSessionID MUST match the current transport session, otherwise
the message MUST be discarded, and the dispatcher notified that
sending the message failed.

o tmSameSecurity: this flag is used by a transport-aware Security
Model to indicate whether the Transport Model MUST enforce this
restriction.

o tmSessionID: in order to verify whether the session has changed,
the Transport Model must be able to compare the session used to
receive the original request with the one to be used to send the
response. This typically requires some form of session
identifier. This value is only ever used by the Transport Model,
so the format and interpretation of this field are model-specific
and implementation-dependent.

3.3. Transport Security Model Cached Information

The Transport Security Model has specific responsibilities regarding
the cached information.

3.3.1. securityStateReference

The Transport Security Model adds the tmStateReference

For each transport model, model- and mechanism-specific parameters
for received from
the transport security need to be stored in a local configuration
datastore.

To enable a security model processIncomingMsg ASI to correlate the identity used by specific
transport-model and securityStateReference. This
tmStateReference can then be retrieved during the model-independent identity referenced by
applications, a mapping is provided in generateResponseMsg
ASI, so that it can be passed back to the MIB module defined in this
memo. Transport Model.

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The Transport Security Model REQUIRES that the security parameters
used for a response are the same as those used for the corresponding
request. It is transport-model-dependent and implementation-
dependent how this is ensured at This security model sets the tmSameSecurity flag to true in
the tmStateReference before passing it to the transport layer.

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3.3.2. tmStateReference

For outgoing messages, the Transport Security Model for uses parameters
provided by the SNMP October 2008

3.3.2. securityStateReference

The securityStateReference parameter is defined in RFC3411. Its
primary purpose is application to provide a mapping between lookup or create a request and
tmStateReference. This security model uses the tmStateReference
stored as part of the securityStateReference when appropriate.

For incoming messages, the
corresponding response. The Transport Security Model will
conceptually add uses parameters
provided in the tmStateReference cache to determine the securityStateReference
cache, so the securityName,
and to verify adequate security model can map transport-specific levels.

3.3.3. Prefixes and securityNames

The SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB [RFC3415], the SNMP-TARGET-MIB module
[RFC3413], and other MIB modules contain objects to configure
security parameters for use by applications such as access control,
notification generation, and proxy forwarding.

IANA maintains a request to its registry for transport domains and the corresponding response. How
prefix.

If snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix is set to true then all
securityNames provided by, or provided to, the
tmStateReference Transport Security
Model MUST include a valid transport domain prefix.

If snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix is added set to false then all
securityNames provided by, or provided to, the Transport Security
Model MUST NOT include a transport domain prefix.

The tmSecurityName in the tmStateReference stored as part of the
securityStateReference is
implementation-specific. does not contain a prefix.

4. Processing an Outgoing Message

An error indication may return an OID and value for an incremented
counter and a value for securityLevel, and values for contextEngineID
and contextName for the counter, and the securityStateReference if
the information is available at the point where the error is
detected.

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4.1. Security Processing for an Outgoing Message

This section describes the procedure followed by the Transport
Security Model.

The parameters needed for generating a message are supplied to the
Security Model by the Message Processing Model via the
generateRequestMsg() or the generateResponseMsg() ASI. The Transport
Subsystem architectural extension has added the transportDomain,
transportAddress, and tmStateReference parameters to the original
RFC3411 ASIs.

statusInformation = -- success or errorIndication
generateRequestMsg(
IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version
IN globalData -- message header, admin data
IN maxMessageSize -- of the sending SNMP entity
IN transportDomain -- (NEW) specified by application
IN transportAddress -- (NEW) specified by application
IN securityModel -- for the outgoing message
IN securityEngineID -- authoritative SNMP entity
IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal
IN securityLevel -- Level of Security requested
IN scopedPDU -- message (plaintext) payload
OUT securityParameters -- filled in by Security Module
OUT wholeMsg -- complete generated message
OUT wholeMsgLength -- length of generated message
OUT tmStateReference -- (NEW) transport info
)

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statusInformation = -- success or errorIndication
generateResponseMsg(
IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version
IN globalData -- message header, admin data
IN maxMessageSize -- of the sending SNMP entity
IN transportDomain -- (NEW) specified by application
IN transportAddress -- (NEW) specified by application
IN securityModel -- for the outgoing message
IN securityEngineID -- authoritative SNMP entity
IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal
IN securityLevel -- Level of Security requested
IN scopedPDU -- message (plaintext) payload
IN securityStateReference -- reference to security state
-- information from original
-- request
OUT securityParameters -- filled in by Security Module
OUT wholeMsg -- complete generated message
OUT wholeMsgLength -- length of generated message
OUT tmStateReference -- (NEW) transport info
)

4.2. Elements of Procedure for Outgoing Messages

1) If there is a securityStateReference, securityStateReference (Response or Report message),
then this is a response
message. security model uses the cached information rather than the
information provided by the ASI. Extract transportDomain, transportAddress, securityName,
securityLevel, securityModel, the securityName and
securityLevel and tmStateReference from the securityStateReference
cache. Set the tmRequestedSecurityLevel to the value of the
extracted securityLevel. The cachedSecurityData for
this message can now be discarded. Set the tmSameSecurity parameter in the
tmStateReference cache to true. Note that the securityName
extracted from the cache will not contain any transport domain
prefix. The cachedSecurityData for this
message can now be discarded.

2) If there is no securityStateReference then create a
tmStateReference cache with tmRequestedSecurityLevel set to the value
of securityLevel, tmSameSecurity set to false, and tmSecurityName and
tmTransportIdentity to:

a. If the snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix object is tmSecurityName set to false, then
set the tmSecurityName securityName, and
tmSameSecurity set to the value of securityName.

b. false.

If the snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix object is set to true true, then use
the transportDomain to look up its transport prefix in an
implementation dependent way. (The transport prefix will likely
be described in the transport domain object's DESCRIPTION for a
given transportDomain.) Strip this prefix and look up the ':' (ASCII
0x3a) off of corresponding prefix. (Since the securityName and place
securityStateReference stores the results in tmStateReference with the
unprefixed tmSecurityName value. If for the securityName does incoming message, prefix stripping
only occurs when we are not begin with using the securityStateReference).

a. If the prefix lookup fails for any reason, then the
snmpTsmUnknownPrefixes counter is incremented, an error
indication is returned to the calling module, and message
processing stops.

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If the lookup succeeds, but the necessary prefix followed by a ':' (ASCII 0x3a) then
snmpTsmInvalidPrefix counter is incremented and an error
indication is returned to does not match
the calling module. If prefix in the securityName, or there is no prefix
look-up using in the transportDomain fails for any reason
securityName, then the
snmpTsmInvalidPrefixDomain snmpTsmInvalidPrefixes counter is incremented and
incremented, an error indication is returned to the calling module.

3) Fill in
module, and message processing stops.

Strip the transport-specific prefix and trailing ':' character
(ASCII 0x3a) from the tmSecurityName.

3) Set securityParameters with to a zero-length OCTET STRING ('0400').

4) Combine the message parts into a wholeMsg and calculate
wholeMsgLength.

5) The wholeMsg, wholeMsgLength, securityParameters and
tmStateReference are returned to the calling Message Processing Model
with the statusInformation set to success.

5. Processing an Incoming SNMP Message

5.1. Security Processing for an Incoming Message

This section describes the procedure followed by the Transport
Security Model whenever it receives an incoming message from a
Message Processing Model. The ASI from a Message Processing Model to
the Security Subsystem for a received message is:

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statusInformation = -- errorIndication or success
-- error counter OID/value if error
processIncomingMsg(
IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version
IN maxMessageSize -- from the received message
IN securityParameters -- from the received message
IN securityModel -- from the received message
IN securityLevel -- from the received message
IN wholeMsg -- as received on the wire
IN wholeMsgLength -- length as received on the wire
IN tmStateReference -- (NEW) from the Transport Model
OUT securityEngineID -- authoritative SNMP entity
OUT securityName -- identification of the principal
OUT scopedPDU, -- message (plaintext) payload
OUT maxSizeResponseScopedPDU -- maximum size sender can handle
OUT securityStateReference -- reference to security state

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) -- information, needed for response

5.2. Elements of Procedure for Incoming Messages

1) Set the securityEngineID to the local snmpEngineID.

2) If tmStateReference does not refer to a cache containing values
for transportDomain, transportAddress, tmSecurityName and
tmTransportSecurityLevel, then the snmpTsmInvalidCaches counter is
incremented, an error indication is returned to the calling module,
and Security Model processing stops for this message.

3) Set the securityName:

a. If the snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix object is set false, copy Copy the tmSecurityName to securityName.

If the snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix object is set to true true, then use
the transportDomain to look up the needed transport prefix in
an implementation dependent way. (The transport prefix will
likely be described in corresponding prefix.

a. If the transport domain object's DESCRIPTION
clause prefix lookup fails for a given transportDomain.) Set any reason, then the securityName
snmpTsmUnknownPrefixes counter is incremented and an error
indication is returned to the
concatenation of the transport's prefix, the colon character
(':', ASCII 0x3a) calling module, and the tmSecurityName. message
processing stops.

If the prefix look-up
using lookup succeeds, but the transportDomain fails for any reason prefix length is less than one or
greater than four octets, then the
snmpTsmInvalidPrefixDomain snmpTsmInvalidPrefixes counter
is incremented and incremented, an error indication is returned to the calling module. calling
module, and message processing stops.

Set the securityName to be the concatenation of the prefix, a ':'
character (ASCII 0x3a) and the tmSecurityName.

4) Compare the value of tmTransportSecurityLevel in the
tmStateReference cache to the value of the securityLevel parameter

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passed in the processIncomingMsg ASI. If securityLevel specifies
privacy (Priv), and tmTransportSecurityLevel specifies no privacy
(noPriv), or securityLevel specifies authentication (auth) and
tmTransportSecurityLevel specifies no authentication (noAuth) was
provided by the Transport Model, then the
snmpTsmInadequateSecurityLevels counter is incremented, and an error
indication (unsupportedSecurityLevel) together with the OID and value
of the incremented counter is returned to the calling module.
Transport Security Model processing stops for this message.

5)The

5) The security data is cached as cachedSecurityData, so that a
possible response to this message will use the same security
parameters. Then securityStateReference is set for subsequent
reference to this cached data. For Transport Security Model, the
securityStateReference includes a reference to the tmStateReference
cache.

6) The scopedPDU component is extracted from the wholeMsg.

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7) The maxSizeResponseScopedPDU is calculated. This is the maximum
size allowed for a scopedPDU for a possible Response message.

8) The statusInformation is set to success and a return is made to
the calling module passing back the OUT parameters as specified in
the processIncomingMsg ASI.

6. MIB Module Overview

This MIB module provides management of objects for use only by the Transport
Security Model. It defines some needed textual conventions, some statistics, and a configuration scalar for use by the Transport Security Model. and related error
counters.

6.1. Structure of the MIB Module

Objects in this MIB module are arranged into subtrees. Each subtree
is organized as a set of related objects. The overall structure and
assignment of objects to their subtrees, and the intended purpose of
each subtree, is shown below.

6.2.

6.1.1. The snmpTsmStats Subtree

This subtree contains error counters specific to the Transport
Security
Model, that provide information for identifying fault conditions.

6.3. Model.

6.1.2. The snmpTsmConfiguration Subtree

This subtree contains a configuration objects object that enable enables
administrators to specify if they want securityNames derived from
transports to begin with a transport specific domain prefix string.

6.4.

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prepended to securityNames for use by applications.

6.2. Relationship to Other MIB Modules

Some management objects defined in other MIB modules are applicable
to an entity implementing the Transport Security Model. In
particular, it is assumed that an entity implementing the Transport
Security Model will implement the SNMPv2-MIB [RFC3418] and the SNMP-
FRAMEWORK-MIB [RFC3411].

6.4.1. Relationship to the SNMPv2-MIB

The 'system' group in the SNMPv2-MIB [RFC3418] is defined as being
mandatory for all systems, and the objects apply to SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB [RFC3411], the entity as a
whole. The 'system' group provides identification of
SNMP-TARGET-MIB [RFC3413], the management
entity SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB [RFC3415], and certain other system-wide data. The snmpInASNParseErrs
counter is incremented during the elements of procedure. The SNMP-
TSM-MIB does not duplicate those objects.

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6.4.2. Relationship to the SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB

The SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB provides definitions for
the concepts of
SnmpEngineID, enumeration of Message Processing Models, Security
Models and Security Levels, and object definitions for snmpEngineID SNMPv2-MIB [RFC3418]. These are important for implementing the Transport Security Model,
but are not needed to implement the
SNMP-TSM-MIB.

6.4.3.

6.2.1. MIB Modules Required for IMPORTS

The following MIB module imports items from [RFC2578], [RFC2579],
[RFC2580], [RFC3411], and [RFC3419].
[RFC2580].

7. MIB module definition

SNMP-TSM-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN

IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE,
mib-2, Counter32
FROM SNMPv2-SMI
MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP
FROM SNMPv2-CONF
TruthValue
FROM SNMPv2-TC
;

snmpTsmMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "200807100000Z"
ORGANIZATION "ISMS Working Group"
CONTACT-INFO "WG-EMail: isms@lists.ietf.org
Subscribe: isms-request@lists.ietf.org

Chairs:
Juergen Quittek
NEC Europe Ltd.
Network Laboratories
Kurfuersten-Anlage 36
69115 Heidelberg
Germany
+49 6221 90511-15
quittek@netlab.nec.de

Juergen Schoenwaelder
Jacobs University Bremen
Campus Ring 1
28725 Bremen

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Juergen Schoenwaelder
Jacobs University Bremen
Campus Ring 1
28725 Bremen
Germany
+49 421 200-3587
j.schoenwaelder@iu-bremen.de

Editor:
David Harrington
Huawei Technologies USA
1700 Alma Dr.
Plano TX 75075
USA
+1 603-436-8634
ietfdbh@comcast.net

Wes Hardaker
Sparta, Inc.
P.O. Box 382
Davis, CA 95617
USA
+1 530 792 1913
ietf@hardakers.net
"
DESCRIPTION "The Transport Security Model MIB

In keeping with the RFC 3411 design decisions
to use self-contained documents, the RFC which
contains the definition of this MIB module also
includes the elements of procedure which are
needed for processing the Transport Security
Model for SNMP. These MIB objects
SHOULD NOT be modified via other subsystems
or models defined in other document..
This allows the Transport Security Model
for SNMP to be designed and documented as
independent and self- contained, having no
direct impact on other modules, and this
allows this module to be upgraded and
supplemented as the need arises, and to
move along the standards track on different
time-lines from other modules.

Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This
version of this MIB module is part of RFC XXXX;
see the RFC itself for full legal notices.
-- NOTE to RFC editor: replace XXXX with actual RFC number
-- for this document and remove this note
"

REVISION "200807100000Z"

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-- for this document and remove this note
"

REVISION "200807100000Z"
DESCRIPTION "The initial version, published in RFC XXXX.
-- NOTE to RFC editor: replace XXXX with actual RFC number
-- for this document and remove this note
"

::= { mib-2 xxxx }
-- RFC Ed.: replace xxxx with IANA-assigned number and
-- remove this note

-- ---------------------------------------------------------- --
-- subtrees in the SNMP-TSM-MIB
-- ---------------------------------------------------------- --

snmpTsmNotifications OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpTsmMIB 0 }
snmpTsmMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpTsmMIB 1 }
snmpTsmConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpTsmMIB 2 }

-- -------------------------------------------------------------
-- Objects
-- -------------------------------------------------------------

-- Statistics for the Transport Security Model

snmpTsmStats OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpTsmMIBObjects 1 }

snmpTsmInvalidCaches OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION "The number of incoming messages dropped because the
tmStateReference referred to an invalid cache.
"
::= { snmpTsmStats 1 }

snmpTsmInadequateSecurityLevels OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION "The number of incoming messages dropped because
the securityLevel asserted by the transport model was
less than the securityLevel requested by the
application.
"
::= { snmpTsmStats 2 }

snmpTsmInvalidDomains OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
"

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MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION "The number of messages dropped because the
specified transport domain is not supported or is
disabled.
"

::= { snmpTsmStats 3 2 }

snmpTsmInvalidPrefixDomain

snmpTsmUnknownPrefixes OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION "The number of messages dropped because
snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix was set to true and
there is no known prefix for the specified transport
domain.
"
::= { snmpTsmStats 4 3 }

snmpTsmInvalidPrefix

snmpTsmInvalidPrefixes OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION "The number of messages dropped because
the securityName associated with an outgoing message
did not contain a valid transport domain prefix.
"
::= { snmpTsmStats 5 4 }

-- -------------------------------------------------------------
-- Configuration
-- -------------------------------------------------------------

-- Configuration for the Transport Security Model

snmpTsmConfiguration OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpTsmMIBObjects 2 }

snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TruthValue
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION "If this object is set to true then securityNames
passing to and from the application will are expected to
contain a transport domain specific prefix. If this
object is set to true then
the a domain specific prefix
will be added by the TSM to the securityName for
incoming messages and removed from

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when processing outgoing messages. The resulting
securityName, when prefixed, will begin with the
transport specific prefix, followed by Transport domains
and prefixes are maintained in a ':'
character (ASCII 0x3a). The transport specific prefix
should be defined within the transport domain's registry by IANA.
This object definition. SHOULD persist across system reboots.
"
DEFVAL { false }
::= { snmpTsmConfiguration 1 }

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-- -------------------------------------------------------------
-- snmpTsmMIB - Conformance Information
-- -------------------------------------------------------------

snmpTsmCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpTsmConformance 1 }

snmpTsmGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpTsmConformance 2 }

-- -------------------------------------------------------------
-- Compliance statements
-- -------------------------------------------------------------

snmpTsmCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMP engines that support
the SNMP-TSM-MIB
"
MODULE
MANDATORY-GROUPS { snmpTsmGroup }
::= { snmpTsmCompliances 1 }

-- -------------------------------------------------------------
-- Units of conformance
-- -------------------------------------------------------------
snmpTsmGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
snmpTsmInvalidCaches,
snmpTsmInadequateSecurityLevels,
snmpTsmInvalidDomains,
snmpTsmInvalidPrefixDomain,
snmpTsmInvalidPrefix,
snmpTsmUnknownPrefixes,
snmpTsmInvalidPrefixes,
snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION "A collection of objects for maintaining
information of an SNMP engine which implements
the SNMP Transport Security Model.
"

::= { snmpTsmGroups 2 }

END

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::= { snmpTsmGroups 2 }

END

8. Security Considerations

This document describes a Security Model Model, compatible with the RFC3411
architecture, that permits SNMP to utilize security services provided
through an SNMP Transport Model. The Transport Security Model relies
on Transport Models for mutual authentication, binding of keys,
confidentiality and integrity.

The
security threats and how those threats are mitigated should be
covered in detail in the specification of the Transport Model and the
underlying secure transport. Transport Security Model relies on a secure Transport Model Models to
provide an authenticated principal for mapping to securityName, identifier and an assertion of tmTransportSecurityLevel. New transport models SHOULD provide a
transport domain prefix to allow operators to distinguish between
identities whose
whether authentication is coordinated by different transport
models. This should preferably be specified in the transport domain
object's DESCRIPTION clause. The prefix MUST be added and removed
appropriately by the Transport Security Model if the administrator
has set snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix to true and MUST NOT be added and removed if snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix is set to false.

The Transport Security Model is called a Security Model to be
compatible with the RFC3411 architecture. However, this Security
Model provides no security itself. It privacy are used during transport. This
Security Model SHOULD always be used with a Transport Model Models that provides
provide adequate security, but this "adequate security" is a configuration
and/or run-time decision of the operator or management application, or application.
The security threats and how these threats are mitigated should be
covered in detail in the specifications of the Transport Models and
the underlying secure transports.

An authenticated principal identifier (securityName) is used in SNMP
applications, for purposes such as access control, notification
generation, and proxy forwarding. This security model supports
multiple transport models. Operators might judge some transports to
be more secure than others, so this security model can be configured
to prepend a
configuration decision prefix to the securityName to indicate the transport
model used to authenticate the principal. Operators can use the
prefixed securityName when making application decisions about levels
of an operator. access.

8.1. MIB module security

There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB module
with a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. Such
objects may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network
environments. The support for SET operations in a non-secure
environment without proper protection can have a negative effect on
network operations. These are the tables and objects and their
sensitivity/vulnerability:

o The snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix object could be modified modified,
creating a denial of service or authorizing SNMP messages that
would not have previously been authorized by an Access Control
Model (e.g. the VACM).

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Some of the readable objects in this MIB module (i.e., objects with a
MAX-ACCESS other than not-accessible) may be considered sensitive or
vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to
control even GET and/or NOTIFY access to these objects and possibly
to even encrypt the values of these objects when sending them over

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the network via SNMP. These are the tables and objects and their
sensitivity/vulnerability:

o snmpTsmInvalidCaches and snmpTsmInadequateSecurityLevels and
snmpTsmInvalidDomains may make it easier for an attacker All the counters in this module refer to detect
vulnerabilities. configuration errors and
do not expose sensitive information.

SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 did not include adequate security.
Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPsec),
even then, there is no control as to who on the secure network is
allowed to access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects
in this MIB module.

It is RECOMMENDED that implementers consider the security features as
provided by the SNMPv3 framework (see [RFC3410] section 8), including
full support for the USM and Transport Security Model cryptographic
mechanisms (for authentication and privacy).

Further, deployment of SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 is NOT
RECOMMENDED. Instead, it is RECOMMENDED to deploy SNMPv3 and to
enable cryptographic security. It is then a customer/operator
responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity giving access to an
instance of this MIB module is properly configured to give access to
the objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate
rights to indeed GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.

9. IANA Considerations

[DISCUSS: should we have default ports for request/response traffic
and for notifications?]

IANA is requested to assign:

1. an SMI number under mib-2, for the MIB module in this document,

2. a value, preferably 4, to identify the Transport Security Model,
in the Security Models registry at
http://www.iana.org/assignments/snmp-number-spaces. This should
result in the following table of values:

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Value Description References
----- ----------- ----------
0 reserved for 'any' [RFC3411]
1 reserved for SNMPv1 [RFC3411]
2 reserved for SNMPv2c [RFC3411]
3 User-Based Security Model (USM) [RFC3411]
YY Transport Security Model (TSM) [RFCXXXX]

-- NOTE to RFC editor: replace XXXX with actual RFC number
-- for this document and remove this note
-- NOTE to RFC editor: replace YY with actual IANA-assigned number,
throughout this document and remove this note.

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10. Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank Jeffrey Hutzelman for sharing his SSH
insights, and Dave Shields Shield for an outstanding job wordsmithing the
existing document to improve organization and clarity.

Additionally, helpful document reviews were received from: Juergen
Schoenwaelder.

11. References

11.1. Normative References

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to
Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
March 1997.

[RFC2578] McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Structure of Management
Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58,
RFC 2578, April 1999.

[RFC2579] McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Textual Conventions for
SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, April 1999.

[RFC2580] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., and J.
Schoenwaelder, "Conformance Statements for
SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2580, April 1999.

[RFC3411] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B. Wijnen, "An
Architecture for Describing Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) Management
Frameworks", STD 62, RFC 3411, December 2002.

[RFC3412] Case, J., Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B.
Wijnen, "Message Processing and Dispatching for
the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)",

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STD 62, RFC 3412, December 2002.

[RFC3413] Levi, D., Meyer, P., and B. Stewart, "Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Applications", STD 62, RFC 3413, December 2002.

[RFC3418] Presuhn, R., "Management Information Base (MIB)
for the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)", STD 62, RFC 3418, December 2002.

[RFC3419] Daniele, M. and J. Schoenwaelder, "Textual
Conventions for Transport Addresses", RFC 3419,
December 2002.

[I-D.ietf-isms-tmsm] Harrington, D. and J. Schoenwaelder, "Transport
Subsystem for the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)", draft-ietf-isms-tmsm-13 draft-ietf-isms-tmsm-14 (work
in progress), August October 2008.

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11.2. Informative References

[RFC3410] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D., and B.
Stewart, "Introduction and Applicability
Statements for Internet-Standard Management
Framework", RFC 3410, December 2002.

[RFC3414] Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based
Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)",
STD 62, RFC 3414, December 2002.

[RFC3415] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R., and K. McCloghrie,
"View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)",
STD 62, RFC 3415, December 2002.

[RFC3418] Presuhn, R., "Management Information Base (MIB)
for the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)", STD 62, RFC 3418, December 2002.

[RFC3584] Frye, R., Levi, D., Routhier, S., and B.
Wijnen, "Coexistence between Version 1, Version
2, and Version 3 of the Internet-standard
Network Management Framework", BCP 74,
RFC 3584, August 2003.

Appendix A. Notification Tables Configuration

The SNMP-TARGET-MIB and SNMP-NOTIFICATION-MIB [RFC3413] are used to
configure notification originators with the destinations to which
notifications should be sent.

Most of the configuration is security-model-independent and
transport-model-independent.

The values we will use in the examples for the five model-independent
security and transport parameters are:

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transportDomain = snmpSSHDomain

transportAddress = 192.0.2.1:162

securityModel = Transport Security Model

securityName = sampleUser

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securityLevel = authPriv

The following example will configure the Notification Originator to
send informs to a Notification Receiver at host 192.0.2.1 port 162
using the securityName "sampleUser". The columns marked with a "*"
are the items that are Security Model or Transport Model specific.

The configuration for the "sampleUser" settings in the SNMP-VIEW-
BASED-ACM-MIB objects are not shown here for brevity. First we
configure which type of notification should be sent for this taglist
(toCRTag). In this example, we choose to send an Inform.
snmpNotifyTable row:
snmpNotifyName CRNotif
snmpNotifyTag toCRTag
snmpNotifyType inform
snmpNotifyStorageType nonVolatile
snmpNotifyColumnStatus createAndGo

Then we configure a transport address to which notifications
associated with this taglist should be sent, and we specify which
snmpTargetParamsEntry should be used (toCR) when sending to this
transport address.
snmpTargetAddrTable row:
snmpTargetAddrName toCRAddr
* snmpTargetAddrTDomain snmpSSHDomain
snmpTargetAddrTAddress 192.0.2.1:162
snmpTargetAddrTimeout 1500
snmpTargetAddrRetryCount 3
snmpTargetAddrTagList toCRTag
snmpTargetAddrParams toCR (must match below)
snmpTargetAddrStorageType nonVolatile
snmpTargetAddrColumnStatus createAndGo

Then we configure which principal at the host should receive the
notifications associated with this taglist. Here we choose
"sampleUser", who uses the Transport Security Model.

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snmpTargetParamsTable row:
snmpTargetParamsName toCR
snmpTargetParamsMPModel SNMPv3
* snmpTargetParamsSecurityModel TransportSecurityModel
snmpTargetParamsSecurityName "sampleUser"
snmpTargetParamsSecurityLevel authPriv
snmpTargetParamsStorageType nonVolatile
snmpTargetParamsRowStatus createAndGo

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A.1. Transport Security Model Processing for Notifications

The Transport Security Model is called using the generateRequestMsg()
ASI, with the following parameters (* are from the above tables):

statusInformation = -- success or errorIndication
generateRequestMsg(
IN messageProcessingModel -- *snmpTargetParamsMPModel
IN globalData -- message header, admin data
IN maxMessageSize -- of the sending SNMP entity
IN transportDomain -- *snmpTargetAddrTDomain
IN transportAddress -- *snmpTargetAddrTAddress
IN securityModel -- *snmpTargetParamsSecurityModel
IN securityEngineID -- immaterial; TSM will ignore.
IN securityName -- snmpTargetParamsSecurityName
IN securityLevel -- *snmpTargetParamsSecurityLevel
IN scopedPDU -- message (plaintext) payload
OUT securityParameters -- filled in by Security Module
OUT wholeMsg -- complete generated message
OUT wholeMsgLength -- length of generated message
OUT tmStateReference -- reference to transport info
)

The Transport Security Model will determine the Transport Model based
on the snmpTargetAddrTDomain. The selected Transport Model will
select the appropriate transport connection using the
snmpTargetAddrTAddress, snmpTargetParamsSecurityName, and
snmpTargetParamsSecurityLevel.

Appendix B. Processing Differences between USM and Secure Transport

USM and secure transports differ in the processing order and
responsibilities within the RFC3411 architecture. While the steps
are the same, they occur in a different order, and may be done by
different subsystems. The following lists illustrate the difference
in the flow and the responsibility for different processing steps for
incoming messages when using USM and when using a secure transport.
(Note that these
(These lists are simplified for illustrative purposes, and

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represent all details of processing. Transport Models must provide
the detailed elements of procedure.)

With USM, SNMPv1, and SNMPv2c Security Models, security processing
starts when the Message Processing Model decodes portions of the
ASN.1 message to extract header fields that are used to determine
which Security Model should process the message to perform
authentication, decryption, timeliness checking, integrity checking,
and translation of parameters to model-independent parameters. By
comparison, a secure transport performs those security functions on

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the message, before the ASN.1 is decoded.

Step 6 cannot occur until after decryption occurs. Step 6 and beyond
are the same for USM and a secure transport.

B.1. USM and the RFC3411 Architecture

1) decode the ASN.1 header (Message Processing Model)

2) determine the SNMP Security Model and parameters (Message
Processing Model)

3) verify securityLevel. [Security Model]

4) translate parameters to model-independent parameters (Security
Model)

5) authenticate the principal, check message integrity and
timeliness, and decrypt the message. [Security Model]

6) determine the pduType in the decrypted portions (Message
Processing Model), and

7) pass on the decrypted portions with model-independent parameters.

B.2. Transport Subsystem and the RFC3411 Architecture

1) authenticate the principal, check integrity and timeliness of the
message, and decrypt the message. [Transport Model]

2) translate parameters to model-independent parameters (Transport
Model)

3) decode the ASN.1 header (Message Processing Model)

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4) determine the SNMP Security Model and parameters (Message
Processing Model)

5) verify securityLevel [Security Model]

6) determine the pduType in the decrypted portions (Message
Processing Model), and

7) pass on the decrypted portions with model-independent security
parameters

If a message is secured using a secure transport layer, then the
Transport Model should provide the translation from the authenticated

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identity (e.g., an SSH user name) to a human-friendly identifier in
step 2. The security model will provide a mapping from that
identifier to a model-independent securityName.

Appendix C. Open Issues

Does TSM need

Appendix D. Change Log

From -09- to have a mapping table -10-

snmpTsmInvalidPrefix -> snmpTsmInvalidPrefixes

Improvements to handle the translations
from tmSecurityName to securityName?

Do we need administratively definable prefix handling text in the EOP

Removed transform selection?

Do we need selection

Removed translation table

Removed option to let operators disable support for some transports?

Appendix D. Change Log transports.

Removed references to the LCD.

Removed modifications to the "Cached Information" section to keep
this consistent with other ISMS documents.

Eliminated most "Relationship to Other MIB modules" text.

Significant text cleanup

From -08- to -09-

Added the transport domain specific prefix adding/removing support
as agreed to within the ISMS WG. The implementation is a bit
different than what was originally discussed and is now housed
entirely within this document and requires only a string
allocation in the TM documents. In the end this form greatly
reduced the documentation and procedure complexity in most
documents.

Added the snmpTsmConfigurationUsePrefix scalar.

Removed the snmpTsmLCDTable since it is no longer needed.

Removed the snmpTsmLCDDomainTable since it is not needed with the
prefix addition replaced the functionality.

From -07- to -08-

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From -07- to -08-

Added tables to the MIB module to define a Transport Security
Model-specific LCD, and updated the Elements of Procedure. This
was because references to an abstract LCD sort of owned by both
the security model and the transport model were found confusing.

Realized we referred to the MIB module in text as SNMP-TRANSPORT-
SM-MIB, but SNMP-TSM-MIB in the module. Changed all occurrences
of SNMP-TRANSPORT-SM-MIB to SNMP-TSM-MIB, following RFC4181
guidelines for naming.

Updated Security Considerations to warn about writable objects,
and added the new counter to the readable objects list.

Changed snmpTsmLCDName to snmpTsmLCDTmSecurityName

From -05- to -06-

Fixed a bunch of editorial nits

Fixed the note about terminology consistent with SNMPv3.

Updated MIB assignment to by rfc4181 compatible

Replaced tmSameSession with tmSameSecurity to eliminate session-
matching from the security model.

Eliminated all reference to the LCD from the Transport Security
Model; the LCD is now TM-specific.

Added tmTransportSecurityLevel and tmRequestedSecurityLevel to
clarify incoming versus outgoing

From -04- to -05-

Removed check for empty securityParameters for incoming messages

Added a note about terminology, for consistency with SNMPv3 rather
than with RFC2828.

From -03- to -04-

Editorial changes requested by Tom Petch, to clarify behavior with
SNMPv1/v2c

Added early discussion of how TSM fits into the architecture to
clarify behavior when RFC3584 security models are co-resident.

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Editorial changes requested by Bert Wijnen, to eliminate version-
specific discussions.

Removed sections on version-specific message formats.

Removed discussion of SNMPv3 in Motivation section.

Added discussion of request/response session matching.

From -02- to -03-

Editorial changes suggested by Juergen Schoenwaelder

Capitalized Transport Models, Security Models, and Message
Processing Models, to be consistent with RFC341x conventions.

Eliminated some text that duplicated RFC3412, especially in
Elements of Procedure.

Changed the encoding of msgSecurityParameters

Marked the (NEW) fields added to existing ASIs

Modified text intro discussing relationships to other MIB modules.

From -01- to -02-

Changed transportSecurityModel(4) to transportSecurityModel(YY),
waiting for assignment

cleaned up elements of procedure [todo]s

use the same errorIndication as USM for unsupportedSecurityLevel

fixed syntax of tsmInadequateSecurity counter

changed the "can and will use" the same security parameters to
"can use", to allow responses that have different security
parameters than the request.

removed "Relationship to the SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB"

cleaned up "MIB Modules Required for IMPORTS"

From -00- to -01-

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made the Transport Model not know anything about the Security
Model.

modified the elements of procedure sections, given the
implications of this change.

simplified elements of procedure, removing most info specified in
architecture/subsystem definitions.

rethought the coexistence section

noted the implications of the Transport Security Model on
isAccessAllowed()

modified all text related to the LCD.

removed most of the MIB (now the TSM has no configuration
parameters).

added counters needed to support elements of procedure

renamed MIB module, and registered under snmpModules

updated IANA and Security Considerations

updated references.

modified the notification configurations.

From SSHSM-04- to Transport-security-model-00

added tsmUserTable

updated Appendix - Notification Tables Configuration

remove open/closed issue appendices

changed tmSessionReference to tmStateReference

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Authors' Addresses

David Harrington
Huawei Technologies (USA)
1700 Alma Dr. Suite 100
Plano, TX 75075
USA

Phone: +1 603 436 8634
EMail: dharrington@huawei.com

Wes Hardaker
Sparta, Inc.
P.O. Box 382
Davis, CA 95617
US

Phone: +1 530 792 1913
EMail: ietf@hardakers.net

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Full Copyright Statement

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contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
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This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
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