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INTERNET-DRAFT E. Ellesson
Category: Standards Track IBM
J. Strassner
Cisco Systems
June
October 1999
Policy Framework Core Information Model
<draft-ietf-policy-core-info-model-00.txt>
Friday, June 25,
<draft-ietf-policy-core-info-model-01.txt>
Tuesday, October 05, 1999, 1:27 3:15 PM
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document presents the object-oriented information model for
representing policy information currently under development as part of
the Common Information Model (CIM) activity in the Distributed
Management Task Force (DMTF). This CIM model defines two hierarchies
of object classes: structural classes representing policy information
and control of policies, and relationship classes that indicate how
instances of the structural classes are related to each other. A
companion document "Policy Framework Core LDAP Schema" [9] defines the
mapping of this information model to a directory that uses LDAPv3 as
its access protocol.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction......................................................3 Introduction......................................................4
2. Modeling Policies.................................................4 Policies.................................................5
2.1. Policy Scope.................................................7
2.2. Declarative versus Procedural Model..........................7 Model..........................8
3. Overview of the Policy Core Information Model.....................7 Model.....................9
4. Inheritance Hierarchies for the Core Policy Classes and
Relationships........................................................9
Relationships.......................................................12
5. Details of the Model.............................................14
5.1. Reusable versus Rule-Specific Conditions and Actions........14
5.2. Naming in the Policy Core Information ModelError! Bookmark not defined. Model.................15
5.2.1. Naming Instances of PolicyGroup and PolicyRule............15
5.2.2. Naming Instances of PolicyCondition and Its Subclasses....16
5.2.3. Naming Instances of PolicyAction and Its Subclasses.......18
5.3. CIM Data Types..............................................18
6. Class Definitions................................................11 Definitions................................................18
6.1. The Abstract Class "Policy".................................12 "Policy".................................19
6.1.1. The Key Property "CreationClassName"......................12 "CommonName (CN)"............................19
6.1.2. The Property "CommonName (CN)"............................12 "Caption"....................................20
6.1.3. The Property "Caption"....................................13 "Description"................................20
6.1.4. The Property "Description"................................13
6.1.5. The Multi-valued Property "PolicyKeywords"................13 "PolicyKeywords"................20
6.2. The Class "PolicyGroup".....................................14 "PolicyGroup".....................................21
6.2.1. The Propagated Key Property "System.CreationClassName"....22
6.2.2. The Propagated Key Property "System.Name".................22
6.2.3. The Key Property "PolicyGroupName"........................15 "PolicyGroupName"........................22
6.3. The Class "PolicyRule"......................................15 "PolicyRule"......................................23
6.3.1. The Propagated Key Property "PolicyRuleName".........................17 "System.CreationClassName"....24
6.3.2. The Propagated Key Property "Enabled"....................................17 "System.Name".................24
6.3.3. The Key Property "ConditionListType"..........................17 "PolicyRuleName".........................25
6.3.4. The Property "RuleUsage"..................................18 "Enabled"....................................25
6.3.5. The Property "Priority"...................................18 "ConditionListType"..........................25
6.3.6. The Property "Mandatory"..................................18 "RuleUsage"..................................26
6.3.7. The Property "SequencedActions"...........................19 "Priority"...................................26
6.3.8. The Property "Mandatory"..................................26
6.3.9. The Property "SequencedActions"...........................27
6.4. The Class "PolicyCondition".................................19 "PolicyCondition".................................27
6.4.1. The Key Property "PolicyConditionName"....................21 "SystemCreationClassName"................29
6.4.2. The Key Property "SystemName".............................29
6.4.3. The Key Property "PolicyRuleName".........................30
6.4.4. The Key Property "PolicyConditionName"....................30
6.5. The Class "PolicyTimePeriodCondition".......................21 "PolicyTimePeriodCondition".......................30
6.5.1. The Property "TimePeriod".................................22 "TimePeriod".................................32
6.5.2. The Property "MonthOfYearMask"............................23 "MonthOfYearMask"............................32
6.5.3. The Property "DayOfMonthMask".............................24 "DayOfMonthMask".............................33
6.5.4. The Property "DayOfWeekMask"..............................24 "DayOfWeekMask"..............................33
6.5.5. The Property "TimeOfDayMask"..............................25 "TimeOfDayMask"..............................34
6.5.6. The Property "ApplicableTimeZone".........................25 "ApplicableTimeZone".........................35
6.6. The Class "VendorPolicyCondition"...........................26 "VendorPolicyCondition"...........................35
6.6.1. The Multi-valued Property "Constraint"....................26 "Constraint"....................36
6.6.2. The Property "ConstraintEncoding".........................27 "ConstraintEncoding".........................36
6.7. The Class "PolicyAction"....................................27 "PolicyAction"....................................37
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6.7.1. The Key Property "PolicyActionName".......................28 "SystemCreationClassName"................37
6.7.2. The Key Property "SystemName".............................38
6.7.3. The Key Property "PolicyRuleName".........................38
6.7.4. The Key Property "PolicyActionName".......................39
6.8. The Class "VendorPolicyAction"..............................28 "VendorPolicyAction"..............................39
6.8.1. The Multi-valued Property "ActionData"....................28 "ActionData"....................39
6.8.2. The Property "ActionEncoding".............................29 "ActionEncoding".............................40
6.9. The Class "PolicyRepository"................................40
7. Association and Aggregation Definitions..........................29 Definitions..........................40
7.1. Relationships...............................................29 Relationships...............................................41
7.2. Associations................................................30 Associations................................................41
7.3. Aggregations................................................30 Aggregations................................................41
7.4. The Aggregation "ContainedPolicyGroup"......................30 "PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup"..................41
7.4.1. The Reference "ContainingGroup"...........................30 "ContainingGroup"...........................42
7.4.2. The Reference "ContainedGroup"............................31 "ContainedGroup"............................42
7.5. The Aggregation "ContainedPolicyRule".......................31
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7.5.1. The Reference "ContainingGroup"...........................31 "ContainingGroup"...........................42
7.5.2. The Reference "ContainedRule".............................31 "ContainedRule".............................43
7.6. The Aggregation "ContainedPolicyCondition"..................31 "ConditionInPolicyRule".....................43
7.6.1. The Reference "ContainingRule"............................32 "ContainingRule"............................43
7.6.2. The Reference "ContainedCondition"........................32 "ContainedCondition"........................44
7.6.3. The Property "GroupNumber"................................33 "GroupNumber"................................44
7.6.4. The Property "ConditionNegated"...........................33 "ConditionNegated"...........................44
7.7. The Aggregation "PolicyRuleValidityPeriod"..................33 "PolicyRuleValidityPeriod"..................45
7.7.1. The Reference "ContainingRule"............................34 "ContainingRule"............................45
7.7.2. The Reference "ContainedPtp"..............................34 "ContainedPtp"..............................45
7.8. The Aggregation "ContainedPolicyAction".....................34 "ActionInPolicyRule"........................45
7.8.1. The Reference "ContainingRule"............................35 "ContainingRule"............................46
7.8.2. The Reference "ContainedAction"...........................35 "ContainedAction"...........................46
7.8.3. The Property "ActionOrder"................................35 "ActionOrder"................................46
7.9. The Policy Group Jurisdiction Associations..................36 Aggregation "ConditionInPolicyRepository"...............47
7.9.1. The Reference "GroupScope"................................36 "ContainingRepository"......................48
7.9.2. The Reference "ApplicableGroup"...........................37 "ContainedCondition"........................48
7.10. The Aggregation "ActionInPolicyRepository".................48
7.10.1. The Reference "ContainingRepository".....................48
7.10.2. The Reference "ContainedAction"..........................49
7.11. The Weak Aggregation "PolicyGroupInSystem".................49
7.11.1. The Reference "ContainingSystem".........................49
7.11.2. The Reference "ContainedGroup"...........................49
7.12. The Weak Aggregation "PolicyRuleInSystem"..................49
7.12.1. The Reference "ContainingSystem".........................50
7.12.2. The Reference "ContainedRule"............................50
7.13. The Aggregation "PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository".......50
7.13.1. The Reference "ContainingRepository".....................50
7.13.2. The Reference "ContainedRepository"......................51
7.14. The Policy Group Jurisdiction Associations.................51
7.14.1. The Reference "GroupScope"...............................51
7.14.2. The Reference "ApplicableGroup"..........................52
7.15. The Policy Rule Jurisdiction Associations..................37
7.10.1. Associations..................52
7.15.1. The Reference "RuleScope"................................38
7.10.2. "RuleScope"................................52
7.15.2. The Reference "ApplicableRule"...........................52
7.16. The Policy Repository Jurisdiction Associations............53
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7.16.1. The Reference "RepositoryScope"..........................53
7.16.2. The Reference "ApplicableRule"...........................38 "ApplicableRepository".....................53
8. Intellectual Property............................................38 Property............................................54
9. Acknowledgements.................................................38 Acknowledgements.................................................54
10. Security Considerations.........................................39 Considerations.........................................54
11. References......................................................41 References......................................................56
12. Authors' Addresses..............................................41 Addresses..............................................57
13. Full Copyright Statement........................................42 Statement........................................57
1. Introduction
This document presents the object-oriented information model for
representing policy information currently under development as part of
the Common Information Model (CIM) activity in the Distributed
Management Task Force (DMTF). This CIM model defines two hierarchies
of object classes: structural classes representing policy information
and control of policies, and relationship classes that indicate how
instances of the structural classes are related to each other. A
companion document "Policy Framework Core LDAP Schema" [9] defines the
mapping of this information model to a directory that uses LDAPv3 as
its access protocol.
The policy classes and relationships defined in the CIM model are
sufficiently generic to allow them to represent policies related to
anything. However, it is expected that their initial application in
the IETF will be for representing policies related to QoS (DiffServ
and IntServ) and to IPSec. Policy models for application-specific
areas such as these may extend the Core Model in several ways. The
preferred way is to use the PolicyGroup, PolicyRule, and
PolicyTimePeriodCondition classes directly, as a foundation for
representing and communicating policy information. Then, specific
subclasses derived from PolicyCondition and PolicyAction can capture
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application-specific definitions of conditions and actions of
policies.
Two subclasses, VendorPolicyCondition and VendorPolicyAction, are also
included in this document, to provide a standard escape mechanism for
vendor-specific extensions to the Policy Core Information Model.
This document fits into the overall framework for representing,
deploying, and managing policies being developed by the Policy
Framework Working Group. The initial work to define this framework is
in reference [1]. More specifically, this document builds on the core
policy classes first introduced in references [2] and [3]. It also
draws on the work done for the Directory-enabled Networks (DEN)
specification, reference [4]. Work on the DEN specification by the
DEN Ad-Hoc Working Group itself has been completed. Further work to
standardize the models contained in it will be the responsibility of
selected working groups of the CIM effort in the Distributed
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Management Task Force (DMTF). Standardization of the core policy
model is the responsibility of the SLA Policy working group.
This document is organized in the following manner:
o Section 2 provides a general overview of policies and how they are
modeled.
o Section 3 presents a high-level overview of the classes and
relationships comprising the Policy Core Information Model.
o The remainder of the document presents the detailed specifications
for each of the classes and relationships.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119, reference
[5].
2. Modeling Policies
The classes comprising the Policy Core Information Model are intended
to serve as an extensible class hierarchy (through specialization) for
defining policy objects that enable application developers, network
administrators, and policy administrators to represent policies of
different types.
One way to think of a policy-controlled network is to first model the
network as a state machine and then use policy to control which state
a policy-controlled device should be in or is allowed to be in at any
given time. Given this approach, policy is applied using a set of
policy rules. Each policy rule consists of a set of conditions and a
set of actions. Policy rules may be aggregated into policy groups.
These groups may be nested, to represent a hierarchy of policies.
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The set of conditions associated with a policy rule specifies when the
policy rule is applicable. The set of conditions can be expressed as
either an ORed set of ANDed sets of condition statements or an ANDed
set of ORed sets of statements. Individual condition statements can
also be negated. These combinations are termed, respectively,
Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) and Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) for
the conditions.
If the set of conditions associated with a policy rule evaluates to
TRUE, then a set of actions that either maintain the current state of
the object or transition the object to a new state may be executed.
For the set of actions associated with a policy rule, it is possible
to specify an order of execution, as well as an indication of whether
the order is required or merely recommended. It is also possible to
indicate that the order in which the actions are executed does not
matter.
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Policy rules themselves can be prioritized. One common reason for
doing this is to express an overall policy that has a general case
with a few specific exceptions.
For example, a general QoS policy rule might specify that traffic
originating from members of the engineering group is to get Bronze
Service. A second policy rule might express an exception: traffic
originating from John, a specific member of the engineering group, is
to get Gold Service. Since traffic originating from John satisfies
the conditions of both policy rules, and since the actions associated
with the two rules are incompatible, a priority needs to be
established. By giving the second rule (the exception) a higher
priority than the first rule (the general case), a policy
administrator can get the desired effect: traffic originating from
John gets Gold Service, and traffic originating from all the other
members of the engineering group gets Bronze Service.
Policies can either be used in a stand-alone fashion or aggregated
into policy groups to perform more elaborate functions. Stand-alone
policies are called policy rules. Policy groups are aggregations of
policy rules, or aggregations of policy groups, but not both. Policy
groups can model intricate interactions between objects that have
complex interdependencies. Examples of this include a sophisticated
user logon policy that sets up application access, security, and
reconfigures network connections based on a combination of user
identity, network location, logon method and time of day. A policy
group represents a unit of reusability and manageability in that its
management is handled by an identifiable group of administrators and
its policy rules apply equally to the scope of the policy group.
Stand-alone policies are those that can be expressed in a simple
statement. They can be represented effectively in schemata or MIBs.
Examples of this are VLAN assignments, simple YES/NO QoS requests, and
IP address allocations. A specific design goal of this model is to
support both stand-alone and aggregated policies.
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Policy groups and rules can be classified by their purpose and intent.
This classification is useful in querying or grouping policy rules.
It indicates whether the policy is used to motivate when or how an
action occurs, or to characterize services (that can then be used, for
example, to bind clients to network services). Describing each of
these concepts in more detail,
o Motivational Policies are solely targeted at whether or how a
policy's goal is accomplished. Configuration and Usage Policies
are specific kinds of Motivational Policies. Another example is
the scheduling of file backup based on disk write activity from 8am
to 3pm, M-F.
o Configuration Policies define the default (or generic) setup of a
managed entity (for example, a network service). Examples of
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Configuration Policies are the setup of a network forwarding
service or a network-hosted print queue.
o Installation Policies define what can and cannot be put on a system
or component, as well as the configuration of the mechanisms that
perform the install. Installation policies typically represent
specific administrative permissions, and can also represent
dependencies between different components (e.g., to complete the
installation of component A, components B and C must be previously
successfully installed or uninstalled).
o Error and Event Policies. For example, if a device fails between
8am and 9pm, call the system administrator, otherwise call the Help
Desk.
o Usage Policies control the selection and configuration of entities
based on specific "usage" data. Configuration Policies can be
modified or simply re-applied by Usage Policies. Examples of Usage
Policies include upgrading network forwarding services after a user
is verified to be a member of a "gold" service group, or
reconfiguring a printer to be able to handle the next job in its
queue.
o Security Policies deal with verifying that the client is actually
who the client purports to be, permitting or denying access to
resources, selecting and applying appropriate authentication
mechanisms, and performing accounting and auditing of resources.
o Service Policies characterize network and other services (not use
them). For example, all wide-area backbone interfaces shall use a
specific type of queuing.
Service policies describe services available in the network. Usage
policies describe the particular binding of a client of the network
to services available in the network.
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These categories are represented in the Policy Core Information Model
by special values defined for the PolicyKeywords property of the
abstract class Policy.
2.1. Policy Scope
Policies represent business goals and objectives. A translation must
be made between these goals and objectives and their realization in
the network. An example of this could be a Service Level Agreement
(SLA), and its objectives and metrics (Service Level Objectives, or
SLOs), that are used to specify services that the network will provide
for a given client [8]. The SLA will usually be written in high-level
business terminology. SLOs address more specific metrics in support of
the SLA. These high-level descriptions of network services and metrics
must be translated into lower-level, but also vendor- and device-
independent specifications. The Policy Core Information Model classes
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are intended to serve as the foundation for these vendor- and device-
independent specifications.
It is envisioned that the definition of policy in this draft is
generic in nature and is applicable to Quality of Service (QoS), to
non-QoS networking applications (e.g., DHCP and IPSEC), and to non-
networking applications (e.g., backup policies, auditing access,
etc.).
2.2. Declarative versus Procedural Model
The Policy Core Information Model is declarative, not procedural.
<<Raju
Given that standardization efforts in policy should address policy
definitions at the Role level, the next issue is to add details.>>
3. Overview decide on a
language framework to define policies. There are several design
considerations and trade-offs to make in this respect.
1. On one hand, we would like a policy definition language to be
reasonably human-friendly for ease of definitions and
diagnostics. On the Policy Core Information Model
The following diagram provides an overview other hand, given the diversity of devices
(in terms of their processing capabilities) which could act as
policy decision points, we would like to keep the five central classes
comprising language
somewhat machine-friendly, i.e., relatively simple to automate
the Policy Core Information Model, parsing and their relationships processing in network elements.
2. An important decision to each other. Note make is the semantic style of the
language, e.g., procedural or declarative.
o The procedural approach would model network behavior that is
to be regulated through policy in terms of states and
pertinent events. In this model, policy directives are
statements that control the abstract class Policy state transitions and thereby
regulate the two
extension classes VendorPolicyCondition network behavior. An example of state is
installing or removal of packet classification filters and VendorPolicyAction are not
shown.
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(various other CIM classes)
^ 0..n ^ 0..n
* *
* RuleJurisdiction * GroupJurisdiction
* *
* ********************
* *
* * **************
* * * *
* * 0..n * * ContainedPolicyGroup
* * +------v------+ *
* ****> PolicyGroup <******
* 0..n| | 0..n
* +------^------+
* 0..n *
* * ContainedPolicyRule
* 0..n *
* +------v------+
* | |
* | PolicyRule |
* | | ContainedPolicyCondition
*******> <****************************
0..n | | 0..n *
| | * 0..n
| | +---------v------------+
| | | PolicyCondition |
| | +----------------------+
| | PolicyRuleValidityPeriod ^
| <****************** I
| | 0..n * I
| | * 0..n ^
| | +----v----------------------+
| | | PolicyTimePeriodCondition |
| | +---------------------------+
| |
| | ContainedPolicyAction
| <*****************************
| | 0..n *
| | * 0..n
| | +----------v-----------+
| | | PolicyAction |
+-------------+ +----------------------+
Figure 1. Overview of
the Core Policy Classes and Relationships
In this figure appropriate configuration actions for traffic
conditioning. Examples of events include device boot-up,
packet arrival, etc.
o The declarative approach would simply describe the boxes represent desired
network behavior in terms of certain actions that should
happen when specific conditions hold. For example, a policy
directive that states that packets matching a specific traffic
profile must be conditioned in a certain way is formulated in
terms of conditions that describe the classes, traffic profile and
actions that describe the starred arrows
represent the relationships. traffic conditioning behavior. A relationship always connects two
classes. The "two" classes may, however, be the same class, as
policy rule in this approach is written as "if (policy
condition) then <policy action>."
The declarative approach has the
case with the ContainedPolicyGroup relationship, which represents the
recursive containment benefit of PolicyGroups in other PolicyGroups. simplicity, and
facilitates hiding implementation differences, making it a
suitable candidate for the policy definition language standard.
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A relationship has associated with it cardinalities for each
3. It is important to control the complexity of the
related classes. These cardinalities indicate how many instances language
specification trading off richness in terms of
each class may be related to an instance features for ease
of implementation. It is important to acknowledge the other class. For
example, collective
lack of experience in the ContainedPolicyRule relationship has field of networking policies and hence
avoid the cardinality
ranges "0..n" temptation of aiming for both "completeness". We should
strive to facilitate definition of the PolicyGroup common policies that
customers require today (e.g. VPN, QoS) and PolicyRule classes. These
ranges are interpreted allow migration
paths towards supporting complex policies as follows:
o The "0..n" written next to PolicyGroup indicates that a PolicyRule
may be related to no PolicyGroups, to one PolicyGroup, or to more
than one PolicyGroup via the ContainedPolicyGroup relationship. In
other words, a PolicyRule may be contained in no PolicyGroups, in
one PolicyGroups, or customer needs and
our understanding of networking policies evolve with experience.
Specifically, in more than one PolicyGroup.
o The "0..n" written next to PolicyRule indicates that a PolicyGroup
may be related to no PolicyRules, to one PolicyRule, or the context of the declarative style language
discussed above, it is important to more
than one PolicyRule via avoid having full blown
predicate calculus as the ContainedPolicyGroup relationship. In
other words, language as it would render many
important problems such as consistency checking and policy
decision point algorithms intractable. It is useful to consider
a PolicyGroup may contain no PolicyRules, one
PolicyRule, or more than one PolicyRule.
The relationships shown in Figure 1 are discussed in more detail in
Section 7.
4. Inheritance Hierarchies for reasonably constrained language from these perspectives.
3. Overview of the Core Policy Classes and Relationships Core Information Model
The following diagram illustrates the inheritance hierarchy for the
core policy classes:
Top
|
+--Policy (abstract)
|
+---PolicyGroup
|
+---PolicyRule
|
+---PolicyCondition
| |
| +---PolicyTimePeriodCondition
| |
| +---VendorPolicyCondition
|
+---PolicyAction
|
+---VendorPolicyAction
Figure 2. Inheritance Hierarchy for provides an overview of the Core Policy Classes
In CIM, relationships are also modeled as classes. For five central classes
comprising the Policy Core Information Model, their relationships to
each other, and their relationships to other classes in the inheritance hierarchy for overall
CIM model. Note that the
relationships has only a single level: abstract class Policy and the two extension
classes VendorPolicyCondition and VendorPolicyAction are not shown.
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Top
0..n (a)
(various other CIM classes)<************************************
^ 0..n ^ 0..n *
* * *
* (b) * (c) *
* * *
* *************** +-----------+ *
* * |CIM_System |
+---ContainedPolicyGroup *
* * ***** +--^-----^--+ ***** *
* * * * * * * * *
* * 0..n *(d)* 0..n (e)* * 0..n *(f)* 0..n * 0..n
* * +-----v---v---+ * * +-v---v-------v----+
* ****> PolicyGroup <************** * |
+---ContainedPolicyRule PolicyRepository |
+---ContainedPolicyCondition
* 0..n| |
+---PolicyRuleValidityPeriod w * |
+---ContainedPolicyAction |
+---VendorPolicyAction
* +------^------+ * +-----^---------^--+
* 0..n * * 0..1 * 0..1 *
* * (g) * (h) * *
* 0..n * * * *
* +------v------+ w * * *
* |
+---GroupWithSettingJurisdiction <******************** * (i) * (j)
* |
+---GroupWithMseJurisdiction PolicyRule |
+---GroupWithPartyJurisdiction * *
* |
+---GroupWithCollectionJurisdiction |
+---RuleWithSettingJurisdiction (k) * *
*******> <************************ * *
0..n |
+---RuleWithMseJurisdiction |
+---RuleWithPartyJurisdiction 0..n * * *
| |
+---RuleWithCollectionJurisdiction * 0..n * 0..n *
| | +---------v-------v----+ *
| | | PolicyCondition | *
| | +----------------------+ *
| | (l) ^ *
| <************** I *
| | 0..n * I *
| | * 0..n ^ *
| | +----v----------------------+ *
| | | PolicyTimePeriodCondition | *
| | +---------------------------+ *
| | *
| | (m) *
| <************************* *
| | 0..n * *
| | * 0..n *
| | +----------v---------+ 0..n *
| | | PolicyAction <*******
+-------------+ +--------------------+
Figure 3. Inheritance Hierarchy for 1. Overview of the Core Policy Classes and Relationships
Near
In this figure the bottom of Figure 3 there are two groups of four
relationships, representing jurisdictions. These relationships are
the vehicle for tying instances of the policy classes to instances of
other classes that boxes represent the elements to which the policies are to
be applied. There are two relationships with each of four high-level
CIM classes: Setting, ManagedSystemElement (MSE), Party, classes, and
Collection. These relationships indicate that a PolicyGroup or a
PolicyRule applies to a Setting, an MSE, a Party, or a Collection.
5. Details of the Model
5.1. Naming in starred arrows
represent the Policy Core Information Model relationships. The Policy Core Information Model follows a common, but not universal,
CIM practice for naming instances of the its classes. Instances are
named by a combination of two key properties: CreationClassName,
which is inherited from following relationships appear:
(a) the abstract class Policy, and a class-
specific key property such as PolicyGroupName or PolicyRuleName. By
including CreationClassName as a key property, repository jurisdiction associations
(b) the model insures that rule jurisdiction associations
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(c) the only possible name collisions within a naming context are ones
between instances of group jurisdiction associations
(d) PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup
(e) PolicyGroupInSystem
(f) PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository
(g) PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup
(h) PolicyRuleInSystem
(i) ConditionInPolicyRepository
(j) ActionInPolicyRepository
(k) ConditionInPolicyRule
(l) PolicyRuleValidityPeriod
(m) ActionInPolicyRule
A relationship always connects two classes. The "two" classes may,
however, be the same class.
5.2. CIM Data Types
The following CIM data types are used in class, as is the class definitions that
follow in Sections 6 and 7:
o uint8 unsigned 8-bit integer
o uint16 unsigned 16-bit integer
o boolean Boolean
o string UCS-2 string.
In addition, case with the association classes in Section 7 use
PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup relationship, which represents the following
type:
o <classname> ref strongly typed reference.
6. Class Definitions
There are a significant number recursive
containment of differences between CIM and LDAP
class specifications. PolicyGroups in other PolicyGroups. The ones that are relevant to
PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository association is recursive in the abbreviated
class specifications in this document are the following:
o Instead of LDAP's three class types (abstract, auxiliary,
structural), CIM
same way.
A relationship has only two: abstract and instantiable. The
type associated with it cardinalities for each of a CIM class is indicated by the Boolean qualifier ABSTRACT.
o CIM uses the term "property" for what LDAP terms
related classes. These cardinalities indicate how many instances of
each class may be related to an "attribute".
o CIM uses instance of the array notation "[ ]" to indicate that a property is
multi-valued. As is other class. For
example, the case with LDAP, multi-valued properties in
CIM are unordered.
o There is no distinction in a CIM class between mandatory and
optional properties. Aside from PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup relationship has the key properties (designated cardinality
ranges "0..n" for
naming instances of both the class), all properties are optional.
o CIM classes PolicyGroup and properties PolicyRule classes. These
ranges are identified by name, not by OID. interpreted as follows:
o In LDAP, attribute definitions are global, and the same attribute
may appear in multiple classes. In CIM, The "0..n" written next to PolicyGroup indicates that a property is defined
within PolicyRule
may be related to no PolicyGroups, to one PolicyGroup, or to more
than one PolicyGroup via the scope of PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup relationship.
In other words, a single class definition. The property PolicyRule may be
inherited into subclasses of the class contained in which it is defined, but
otherwise it cannot appear no PolicyGroups,
in other classes. One side effect of
this difference is that CIM property names tend to be much shorter one PolicyGroups, or in more than LDAP attribute names, since they are implicitly scoped by one PolicyGroup.
o The "0..n" written next to PolicyRule indicates that a PolicyGroup
may be related to no PolicyRules, to one PolicyRule, or to more
than one PolicyRule via the
name of PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup relationship.
In other words, a PolicyGroup may contain no PolicyRules, one
PolicyRule, or more than one PolicyRule.
The "w" written next to the class in which they PolicyGroupInSystem and PolicyRuleInSystem
indicates that these are defined. what CIM terms "aggregations with weak
references", or more briefly, "weak aggregations." A weak
aggregation is simply an indication of a naming scope. Thus these two
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For
aggregations indicate that an instance of a PolicyGroup or PolicyRule
is named within the complete definition scope of a System object. A weak aggregation
implicitly has the CIM specification language, see
reference [7].
6.1. The Abstract Class "Policy" cardinalities 0..n at the "w" end, and 1..1 at the
opposite end.
The abstract class Policy collects five properties that may be
included relationships shown in instances of any of Figure 1 are discussed in more detail in
Section 7.
4. Inheritance Hierarchies for the Core Policy classes (or their
subclasses). Classes and Relationships
The class definition is as follows:
NAME Policy
DESCRIPTION An abstract class with five properties following diagram illustrates the inheritance hierarchy for
describing a policy-related instance.
DERIVED FROM the
core policy classes:
Top
ABSTRACT TRUE
PROPERTIES CreationClassName[key]
CommonName (CN)
Caption
Description
PolicyKeywords[ ]
6.1.1.
|
+--Policy (abstract)
| |
| +---PolicyGroup
| |
| +---PolicyRule
| |
| +---PolicyCondition
| | |
| | +---PolicyTimePeriodCondition
| | |
| | +---VendorPolicyCondition
| |
| +---PolicyAction
| |
| +---VendorPolicyAction
|
+--System
|
+---AdminDomain
|
+---PolicyRepository
Figure 2. Inheritance Hierarchy for the Core Policy Classes
The Key Property "CreationClassName"
As discussed above in Section 5, this property is used to scope
instance names to the System and AdminDomain classes of the instances being named. Its value
is are defined in the name current version
of the class which its instance instantiates. Since the
class Policy is abstract, CreationClassName is CIM model [7]. They are not used to name
instances of Policy itself. It is used, however, to name instances of
all subclasses of Policy.
NAME CreationClassName
DESCRIPTION The name of the class that a policy-related object
instantiates.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.1.2. The Property "CommonName (CN)"
The CN, or CommonName, property corresponds to the X.500 attribute
commonName (cn). In X.500 discussed in detail in this property specifies one or more user-
friendly names (typically only one name) by which an object is
commonly known, names that conform to the naming conventions of the
country or culture with which the object is associated.
document.
In CIM, relationships are also modeled as classes. For the CIM
model, however, Policy
Core Information Model, the CommonName property is single-valued.
NAME CN
DESCRIPTION A user-friendly name of inheritance hierarchy for the
relationships has only a policy-related object.
SYNTAX string single level:
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6.1.3. The Property "Caption"
This property provides a one-line description
Top
|
+---PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup
|
+---PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup
|
+---PolicyGroupInSystem
|
+---PolicyRuleInSystem
|
+---ConditionInPolicyRule
|
+---PolicyRuleValidityPeriod
|
+---ActionInPolicyRule
|
+---ConditionInPolicyRepository
|
+---ActionInPolicyRepository
|
+---PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository
|
+---GroupWithSettingJurisdiction
|
+---GroupWithMseJurisdiction
|
+---GroupWithResponsibleEntityJurisdiction
|
+---GroupWithCollectionJurisdiction
|
+---RuleWithSettingJurisdiction
|
+---RuleWithMseJurisdiction
|
+---RuleWithResponsibleEntityJurisdiction
|
+---RuleWithCollectionJurisdiction
|
+---RepositoryWithSettingJurisdiction
|
+---RepositoryWithMseJurisdiction
|
+---RepositoryWithResponsibleEntityJurisdiction
|
+---RepositoryWithCollectionJurisdiction
Figure 3. Inheritance Hierarchy for the Core Policy Relationships
Near the bottom of a policy-related CIM
object.
NAME Caption
DESCRIPTION A one-line description Figure 3 there are three groups of this policy-related
object.
SYNTAX string
6.1.4. The Property "Description"
This property provides a longer description than that provided by the
caption property.
NAME Description
DESCRIPTION A long description of this policy-related object.
SYNTAX string
6.1.5. The Multi-valued Property "PolicyKeywords"
This property provides a set of one or more keywords that a policy
administrator may use to assist in characterizing or categorizing a
policy object. Keywords four
relationships, representing jurisdictions. These relationships are of one of two types:
o Keywords defined in this document, or in documents that define
subclasses of
the classes defined in this document. These keywords
provide a vendor-independent, installation-independent way of
characterizing policy objects.
o Installation-dependent keywords vehicle for characterizing policy objects.
Examples include "Engineering", "Billing", and "Review in December
1999".
This document defines the following keywords: "UNKNOWN",
"CONFIGURATION", "USAGE", "SECURITY", "SERVICE", "MOTIVATIONAL",
"INSTALLATION", and "EVENT". These concepts were defined earlier in
Section 2.
One additional keyword is defined: "POLICY". The role of this
keyword is to identify policy-related tying instances that would not
otherwise be identifiable as being related to policy.
Documents that define subclasses of the Policy Core Information Model policy classes SHOULD define additional keywords to characterize instances of
these subclasses. By convention, keywords defined in conjunction with
class definitions
other classes that represent the elements to which the policies are in uppercase. Installation-defined keywords can
be in any case.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME PolicyKeywords to
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DESCRIPTION A set of keywords for characterizing /categorizing
policy objects.
SYNTAX string
6.2. The Class "PolicyGroup"
This class is a generalized aggregation container. It enables either
PolicyRules or PolicyGroups, but not both, to
be aggregated in a
single container. Loops, including the degenerate case applied. There are three relationships with each of four high-
level CIM classes: Setting, ManagedSystemElement (MSE),
ResponsibleEntity, and Collection. These relationships indicate that
a
PolicyGroup PolicyGroup, a PolicyRule, or (the objects contained in) a
PolicyRepository applies to a Setting, an MSE, a ResponsibleEntity, or
a Collection.
5. Details of the Model
The following subsections discuss several specific issues related to
the CIM Core Policy model.
5.1. Reusable versus Rule-Specific Conditions and Actions
Policy conditions and policy actions can be partitioned into two
groups: ones associated with a single policy rule, and ones that contains itself, are not allowed when PolicyGroups
contain other PolicyGroups.
PolicyGroups
reusable, in the sense that they may be associated with more than one
policy rule. Conditions and their nesting capabilities actions in the first group are shown termed
"rule-specific" conditions and actions; those in Figure 4
below. Note the second group are
characterized as "reusable".
It is important to understand that the difference between a PolicyGroup can nest other PolicyGroups, rule-
specific condition or action and there a reusable one is no restriction based on the depth intent
of the nesting in sibling PolicyGroups.
+---------------------------------------------------+
| PolicyGroup |
| |
| +--------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | PolicyGroup A | | PolicyGroup X | |
| | | | | |
| | +----------------+ | ooo | | |
| | | PolicyGroup A1 | | | | |
| | +----------------+ | | | |
| +--------------------+ +-----------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------+
Figure 4. Overview of policy administrator for the PolicyGroup class
As a simple example, think of condition or action, rather than
on the highest level PolicyGroup shown current associations in
Figure 4 above as which the condition or action
participates. Thus a reusable condition or action (that is, one that
a logon policy for US employees of a company. This
PolicyGroup administrator has created to be reusable) may at some point
in time be called USEmployeeLogonPolicy, associated with exactly one policy rule, without thereby
becoming rule-specific.
There is no inherent difference between a rule-specific condition or
action and may aggregate
several PolicyGroups that provide specialized rules per location.
Hence, PolicyGroup A a reusable one. There are, however, differences in Figure 4 above may define logon rules for
employees on how
they are treated in a policy repository. For example, it's natural to
make the West Coast, while another PolicyGroup might define
logon rules access permissions for a rule-specific condition or action
identical to those for the Midwest (e.g., PolicyGroup X), and so forth.
Note rule itself. It's also that the depth of each PolicyGroup does not need natural for a rule-
specific condition or action to be removed from the
same. Thus, the WestCoast PolicyGroup might have several additional
layers of PolicyGroups defined for any of several reasons (different
locales, number of subnets, etc.). The PolicyRules are therefore
contained policy repository
at n levels from the USEmployeeLogonPolicyGroup. Compare
this same time the rule is. With reusable conditions and actions,
on the other hand, access permissions and existence criteria must be
expressible without reference to a policy rule.
The preceding paragraph does not contain an exhaustive list of the Midwest PolicyGroup (PolicyGroup X),
ways in which might directly
contain PolicyRules.
The class definition for PolicyGroup reusable and rule-specific conditions should be treated
differently. Its purpose is as follows:
NAME PolicyGroup
DESCRIPTION A container for either merely to justify making a set semantic
distinction between rule-specific and reusable, and then reflecting
this distinction in the policy repository itself.
Another issue is highlighted by reusable and rule-specific policy
conditions and policy actions: the lack of related PolicyRules
or a set of related PolicyGroups.
DERIVED FROM Policy
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expressing complex constraints involving multiple associations.
Taking PolicyCondition as an example, there are two aggregations to
look at. ConditionInPolicyRule has the cardinality [0..n] at both
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ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES PolicyGroupName[key]
6.2.1. The Key Property "PolicyGroupName"
This property provides a user-friendly name for a policy group,
ends, and is
normally what will be displayed to the end-user as ConditionInPolicyRepository has the instance name.
It is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyGroupName
DESCRIPTION The user-friendly name of this policy group.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.3. The Class "PolicyRule"
This class represents cardinality [0..n] at
the "If Condition then Action" semantics
associated with a policy. A PolicyRule condition, in PolicyCondition end, and [0..1] at the most general
sense, is represented as either an ORed set of ANDed conditions
(Disjunctive Normal Form, or DNF) or an ANDed set of ORed conditions
(Conjunctive Normal Form, or CNF). Individual conditions may either be
negated (NOT C) or unnegated (C). The actions specified by a
PolicyRule PolicyRepository end.
Globally, these cardinalities are correct. However, there's more to be performed if and
the story, which only becomes clear if we examine the cardinalities
separately for the two cases of a rule-specific PolicyCondition and a
reusable one.
For a rule-specific PolicyCondition, the cardinality of
ConditionInPolicyRule at the PolicyRule end is [1..1], rather than
[0..n], since the condition
(whether it is represented in DNF or CNF) evaluates unique to TRUE.
The conditions and actions associated with a one policy rule are modeled,
respectively, with subclasses rule. And the
cardinality of ConditionInPolicyRepository at the classes PolicyCondition and
PolicyAction. These condition and action objects are tied to
instances PolicyRepository end
is [0..0].
For a reusable PolicyCondition, however, the cardinality of PolicyRule by
ConditionInPolicyRepository at the ContainedPolicyCondition PolicyRepository end is [1..1], and
ContainedPolicyAction aggregations.
As illustrated above in Section 3, a policy rule may also
that of the ConditionInPolicyRule at the PolicyRule end is [0..n].
This last point is important: a reusable PolicyCondition may be
associated with one 0, 1, or more policy time periods, indicating than 1 PolicyRules, via exactly the
schedule according to which same
association ConditionInPolicyRule that supports manual propagation of
key values (from a single PolicyRule) in the policy rule is active and inactive.
In this case it is of a rule-specific
PolicyCondition. But the PolicyRuleValidityPeriod aggregation that
provides reusable PolicyCondition gets its key values
via a different association ConditionInPolicyRepository.
Currently the linkage.
A policy rule only way to document constraints of this type in CIM is illustrated conceptually
textually. People in the DMTF are beginning to think about how CIM
might be extended to accommodate more formal methods for documenting
complex constraints.
5.2. Naming in Figure 5. below.
+------------------------------------------------+
| PolicyRule |
| |
| +--------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | PolicyCondition(s) | | PolicyAction(s) | |
| +--------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------+ |
| | PolicyTimePeriodCondition(s) | |
| +------------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------------------+
Figure 5. Overview of the PolicyRule Class
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The PolicyRule class uses
While the CommonName property ConditionListType, to indicate
whether the conditions for is present in the rule are abstract superclass
Policy, and is thus available in DNF or CNF. The
ContainedPolicyCondition aggregation contains two additional
properties all of its instantiable subclasses,
the Policy Core Information Model does not use this property for
naming instances. (The directory attribute commonName to complete which the representation
CommonName property maps is, however, available as one of the rule's conditional
expression. options
for instance naming in the Policy Framework LDAP Core Schema [9].)
The first of these properties following subsections discuss how naming is an integer to partition handled in each of the referenced conditions into one or more sets,
instantiable classes in the Policy Core Information Model.
5.2.1. Naming Instances of PolicyGroup and PolicyRule
A policy group always exists in some context. In the second is a
Boolean to indicate whether Policy Core
Information Model, this contextual character of a referenced condition policy group is negated. An
example shows how ConditionListType
captured by the weak aggregation PolicyGroupInSystem between a
PolicyGroup and these two additional
properties provide a unique representation of System. When a set of conditions in
either DNF or CNF.
Suppose we have CIM relationship is specified as
"weak", this is a PolicyRule that aggregates five PolicyConditions C1
through C5, with statement about naming scopes: an instance of the following values in
class at the properties weak end of the five
ContainedPolicyCondition relationships:
C1: GroupNumber = 1, ConditionNegated = FALSE
C2: GroupNumber = 1, ConditionNegated = TRUE
C3: GroupNumber = 1, ConditionNegated = FALSE
C4: GroupNumber = 2, ConditionNegated = FALSE
C5: GroupNumber = 2, ConditionNegated = FALSE
If ConditionListType = DNF, then relationship is named within the overall condition for scope of
an instance of the
PolicyRule is:
(C1 AND (NOT C2) AND C3) OR (C4 AND C5)
On class at the other hand, if ConditionListType = CNF, then the overall
condition for end of the PolicyRule is:
(C1 OR (NOT C2) OR C3) AND (C4 OR C5)
In both cases, there relationship. This
is an unambiguous specification accomplished by propagation of keys from the overall
condition that is tested to determine whether instance of the
scoping class to perform the actions
associated with instance of the PolicyRule.
The class definition is as follows:
NAME PolicyRule
DESCRIPTION The central weak class. Thus the weak class for representing
has, via propagation, all the "If
Condition then Action" semantics associated with a
policy rule.
DERIVED FROM Policy
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES PolicyRuleName[key]
Enabled
ConditionListType
RuleUsage
Priority
Mandatory
SequencedActions keys from the scoping class, and it also
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6.3.1. The Key Property "PolicyRuleName"
This property provides a user-friendly name for a policy rule, and
has one or more additional keys (unless the weak class is
normally what will be displayed to abstract)
for distinguishing instances of the end-user as weak class named within the scope
of the same instance name.
It is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleName
DESCRIPTION The user-friendly name of this the scoping class.
A policy rule.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.3.2. The Property "Enabled"
This property indicates whether rule must also exist in some context. In the Policy Core
Information Model, this contextual character of a policy rule is currently enabled,
from an ADMINISTRATIVE point
captured by the weak association PolicyRuleInSystem between a
PolicyRule and a System.
5.2.2. Naming Instances of view. PolicyCondition and Its purpose Subclasses
As indicated above in Section 5.1, the single class PolicyCondition is
used to allow represent both reusable and rule-specific policy conditions.
The distinction between the two types of policy conditions lies in the
relationships that different instances of PolicyCondition participate
in, and in how the different instances are named. Conceptually, a
reusable policy administrator to enable or disable condition resides in a policy rule without having
to add it to, or remove it from, repository, and is named
within the policy scope of that repository.
The property also supports the value 'enabledForDebug'. When On the
property has this value, other hand, a rule-
specific policy condition is, as the Policy Decision Point is being told to
evaluate name suggests, named within the conditions for
scope of the single policy rule, but not rule to perform which it is related.
Naming scopes are represented in CIM by means of weak associations.
However, CIM has the
actions if restriction that a given class can only
participate at the conditions evaluate to TRUE. This value serves as a
debug vehicle when attempting to determine what policies would execute
in a particular scenario, without taking any actions to change state
during weak end of one weak association. Another way of
expressing the debugging.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME Enabled
DESCRIPTION An enumeration indicating whether a policy rule is
administratively enabled, administratively
disabled, or enabled for debug mode.
SYNTAX uint16
VALUES enabled(1), disabled(2), enabledForDebug(3)
DEFAULT VALUE enabled(1)
6.3.3. The Property "ConditionListType"
This property restriction is used to specify whether say that all instances of a given
class must be named within the list scope of policy conditions
associated with this policy rule is the same class (or in disjunctive normal form (DNF)
or conjunctive normal form (CNF). If this property the
scope of no class at all, if they are named directly in the global CIM
name space). Clearly, then, the CIM naming architecture is not present,
the list type defaults
capable of expressing what we need it to DNF. The property definition express: that a given
PolicyCondition instance is as follows:
NAME ConditionListType
DESCRIPTION Indicates whether named EITHER in the list scope of policy conditions
associated with this a policy rule
(if it is a rule-specific condition) OR in disjunctive
normal form (DNF) or conjunctive normal form (CNF).
SYNTAX uint16
VALUES DNF(1), CNF(2)
DEFAULT VALUE DNF(1)
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6.3.4. The Property "RuleUsage"
This property the scope of a policy
repository (if it is a free-form string that recommends how reusable one).
To work around this policy
should restriction (which may be used. The property definition removed in a future
version of CIM), it is as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleUsage
DESCRIPTION This property is used to provide guidelines on how
this policy should be used.
SYNTAX string
6.3.5. The Property "Priority"
This property provides a non-negative integer for prioritizing policy
rules relative to each other. For policy rules that have this
property, larger integer values indicate higher priority. Since one
purpose of this property is to allow specific, ad hoc policy rules necessary to
temporarily override established policy rules, an instance that has
this property set has a higher priority than all instances that lack
it.
Prioritization among policy rules provides a simple "simulate" weak associations
between PolicyCondition and efficient
mechanism for resolving policy conflicts.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME Priority
DESCRIPTION A non-negative integer for prioritizing this PolicyRule relative to other PolicyRules. A larger
value indicates and between PolicyCondition and
PolicyRepository, through a higher priority.
SYNTAX uint16
DEFAULT VALUE 0
6.3.6. The Property "Mandatory"
This property indicates whether evaluation (and possibly action
execution) technique we'll call manual key
propagation.
Figure 4 illustrates how manual propagation works in the case of a PolicyRule is mandatory or not. Its concept is
similar to
PolicyCondition; note that only the ability to mark packets key properties are shown for delivery or possible
discard, based on network traffic and device load.
The evaluation each
of a PolicyRule MUST be attempted if the
PolicyRuleMandatory property value is TRUE. If classes. In the
PolicyRuleMandatory property value of a PolicyRule is FALSE, then figure, the
evaluation line composed of 'I's indicates
class inheritance, the rule is "best effort" and MAY be ignored.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleMandatory
DESCRIPTION A flag indicating that the evaluation one composed of 'P's indicates (true) key
propagation via the
PolicyConditions weak aggregation PolicyRuleInSystem, and execution of PolicyActions (if the condition list evaluates to TRUE) is required.
SYNTAX boolean
DEFAULT VALUE TRUE ones
composed of 'M's indicate manual key propagation.
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6.3.7. The Property "SequencedActions"
This property gives a policy administrator a way
+------------------+
| System |
+------------------+
|CreationClassName |
|Name |
+------------------+
^ P
I PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
I P
+------------------+ +-------------v------------+
| AdminDomain | | PolicyRule |
+------------------+ +--------------------------+
|CreationClassName | | System.CreationClassName |
|Name | | System.Name |
+------------------+ | PolicyRuleName |
^ +--------------------------+
I M
I M
+------------------+ M
| PolicyRepository | M
+------------------+ M
|CreationClassName | M
|Name | M
+------------------+ M
M M
M(*) M
M M
+--v-------------------v--+
| PolicyCondition |
+-------------------------+
| SystemCreationClassName |
| SystemName |
| PolicyRuleName |
| PolicyConditionName |
+-------------------------+
(*) Note that as part of specifying how this manual propagation, the
ordering of zero-length
string ("") is assigned to the policy actions associated with this PolicyRuleName property.
Figure 4. Manual Key Propagation for Naming PolicyConditions
Looking at Figure 4, we see that two key properties
SystemCreationClassName and Name are defined in the System Class, and
inherited by its subclasses AdminDomain and PolicyRepository. Since
PolicyRule is weak to
be interpreted. Three values System, these two keys are supported:
o mandatory(1): Do the actions in propagated to it; it
also has its own key PolicyRuleName. The "dot" notation (for example,
"System.Name") indicates that SystemCreationClassName and Name are
propagated keys of the indicated order, or don't do
them at all.
o recommended(2): Do class PolicyRule.
The manual propagation of keys from PolicyRule to PolicyCondition
involves copying the actions values of PolicyRule's three key properties into
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three similarly named key properties in PolicyCondition. Note,
though, that the indicated order if you can,
but if you can't do them in this order, do them "dot" notation is absent: PolicyCondition's second
key property is "SystemName", not "System.Name".
The manual propagation of keys from PolicyRepository to
PolicyCondition works in another order if
you can.
o dontCare(3): Do them -- I don't care about exactly the order.
When error / event reporting is addressed same way for the Policy Framework,
suitable codes will be defined for reporting that a set of actions
could not be performed in an order specified first two key
properties. Since, however, PolicyRepository doesn't have
PolicyRuleName as mandatory (and thus
were not performed at all), that a set of actions could not be
performed in a recommended order (and moreover could not be performed
in any order), or that a set of actions could not be performed in a
recommended order (but were performed in a different order). The
property definition third key property, there is as follows:
NAME SequencedActions
DESCRIPTION An enumeration indicating how no value to interpret copy into
the
action ordering indicated via PolicyRuleName key property in PolicyCondition. A special value,
the
ContainedPolicyAction aggregation.
SYNTAX uint16
VALUES mandatory(1), recommended(2), dontCare(3)
DEFAULT VALUE dontCare(3)
6.4. The Class "PolicyCondition"
The purpose of a policy condition zero-length string (""), is assigned to determine whether or not the
set of actions (aggregated PolicyRuleName in the PolicyRule this
case, indicating that this instance of PolicyCondition is not named
within the condition
applies to) should be executed or not. For the purposes scope of any particular policy rule. This matches the Policy
Core Information Model, all that matters about an individual
PolicyCondition
semantics of a reusable policy condition, which exists and is that
identified independent of any associations it evaluates to TRUE or FALSE. (The
individual PolicyConditions associated might have with a PolicyRule are combined
to form a compound expression in either DNF or CNF, but this is
accomplished via the ConditionListType property, discussed above, specific
policy rules.
5.2.3. Naming Instances of PolicyAction and
by Its Subclasses
From the properties point of view of naming, the ContainedPolicyCondition aggregation,
introduced above PolicyAction class and discussed further in Section 7.6 below.) A
logical structure WITHIN an individual its
subclasses work exactly like the PolicyCondition may class and its
subclasses. See Section 5.2.2 for details.
5.3. CIM Data Types
The following CIM data types are used in the class definitions that
follow in Sections 6 and 7:
o uint8 unsigned 8-bit integer
o uint16 unsigned 16-bit integer
o boolean Boolean
o string UCS-2 string.
In addition, the association classes in Section 7 use the following
type:
o <classname> ref strongly typed reference.
The notation "octetString" is also be
introduced, but used as the data type for the two
properties Constraint (in VendorPolicyCondition) and ActionData (in
VendorPolicyAction). See the sections describing these two properties
for an explanation of what this would have to be done in notation indicates.
6. Class Definitions
There are a subclass significant number of
PolicyCondition. differences between CIM and LDAP
class specifications. The ones that are relevant to the abbreviated
class specifications in this document are the following:
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+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Policy Conditions
o Instead of LDAP's three class types (abstract, auxiliary,
structural), CIM has only two: abstract and instantiable. The
type of a CIM class is indicated by the Boolean qualifier ABSTRACT.
o CIM uses the term "property" for what LDAP terms an "attribute".
o CIM uses the array notation "[ ]" to indicate that a property is
multi-valued. As is the case with LDAP, multi-valued properties in DNF |
| +-------------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
| | AND list | | AND list | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | ... | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | ORed | +-----------------+ | |
| | ... | | ... | |
| | ANDed | | ANDed | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| +-------------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 6. Overview of Policy Conditions in DNF
This figure illustrates that when policy conditions
CIM are unordered.
o There is no distinction in DNF, there
are one or more sets a CIM class between mandatory and
optional properties. Aside from the key properties (designated for
naming instances of conditions that the class), all properties are ANDed together to form AND
lists. An AND list evaluates to TRUE if optional.
o CIM classes and only if all properties are identified by name, not by OID.
o In LDAP, attribute definitions are global, and the same attribute
may appear in multiple classes. In CIM, a property is defined
within the scope of its
constituent conditions evaluate to TRUE. a single class definition. The overall condition then
evaluates to TRUE if and only if at least one property may be
inherited into subclasses of its constituent AND
lists evaluates to TRUE.
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Policy Conditions the class in CNF |
| +-------------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
| | OR list | | OR list | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | which it is defined, but
otherwise it cannot appear in other classes. One side effect of
this difference is that CIM property names tend to be much shorter
than LDAP attribute names, since they are implicitly scoped by the
name of the class in which they are defined.
For the complete definition of the CIM specification language, see
reference [7].
6.1. The Abstract Class "Policy"
The abstract class Policy collects five properties that may be
included in instances of any of the Core Policy classes (or their
subclasses).
The class definition is as follows:
NAME Policy
DESCRIPTION An abstract class with four properties for
describing a policy-related instance.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT TRUE
PROPERTIES CommonName (CN)
Caption
Description
PolicyKeywords[ ]
6.1.1. The Property "CommonName (CN)"
The CN, or CommonName, property corresponds to the X.500 attribute
commonName (cn). In X.500 this property specifies one or more user-
friendly names (typically only one name) by which an object is
commonly known, names that conform to the naming conventions of the
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country or culture with which the object is associated. In the CIM
model, however, the CommonName property is single-valued.
NAME CN
DESCRIPTION A user-friendly name of a policy-related object.
SYNTAX string
6.1.2. The Property "Caption"
This property provides a one-line description of a policy-related CIM
object.
NAME Caption
DESCRIPTION A one-line description of this policy-related
object.
SYNTAX string
6.1.3. The Property "Description"
This property provides a longer description than that provided by the
caption property.
NAME Description
DESCRIPTION A long description of this policy-related object.
SYNTAX string
6.1.4. The Multi-valued Property "PolicyKeywords"
This property provides a set of one or more keywords that a policy
administrator may use to assist in characterizing or categorizing a
policy object. Keywords are of one of two types:
o Keywords defined in this document, or in documents that define
subclasses of the classes defined in this document. These keywords
provide a vendor-independent, installation-independent way of
characterizing policy objects.
o Installation-dependent keywords for characterizing policy objects.
Examples include "Engineering", "Billing", and "Review in December
1999".
This document defines the following keywords: "UNKNOWN",
"CONFIGURATION", "USAGE", "SECURITY", "SERVICE", "MOTIVATIONAL",
"INSTALLATION", and "EVENT". These concepts were defined earlier in
Section 2.
One additional keyword is defined: "POLICY". The role of this
keyword is to identify policy-related instances that would not
otherwise be identifiable as being related to policy.
Documents that define subclasses of the Policy Core Information Model
classes SHOULD define additional keywords to characterize instances of
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these subclasses. By convention, keywords defined in conjunction with
class definitions are in uppercase. Installation-defined keywords can
be in any case.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME PolicyKeywords
DESCRIPTION A set of keywords for characterizing /categorizing
policy objects.
SYNTAX string
6.2. The Class "PolicyGroup"
This class is a generalized aggregation container. It enables either
PolicyRules or PolicyGroups, but not both, to be aggregated in a
single container. Loops, including the degenerate case of a
PolicyGroup that contains itself, are not allowed when PolicyGroups
contain other PolicyGroups.
PolicyGroups and their nesting capabilities are shown in Figure 5
below. Note that a PolicyGroup can nest other PolicyGroups, and there
is no restriction on the depth of the nesting in sibling PolicyGroups.
+---------------------------------------------------+
| PolicyGroup |
| |
| +--------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | PolicyGroup A | | PolicyGroup X | |
| | | | | |
| | +----------------+ | ooo | | |
| | | PolicyGroup A1 | | | | |
| | +----------------+ | | | |
| +--------------------+ +-----------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------+
Figure 5. Overview of the PolicyGroup class
As a simple example, think of the highest level PolicyGroup shown in
Figure 5 above as a logon policy for US employees of a company. This
PolicyGroup may be called USEmployeeLogonPolicy, and may aggregate
several PolicyGroups that provide specialized rules per location.
Hence, PolicyGroup A in Figure 5 above may define logon rules for
employees on the West Coast, while another PolicyGroup might define
logon rules for the Midwest (e.g., PolicyGroup X), and so forth.
Note also that the depth of each PolicyGroup does not need to be the
same. Thus, the WestCoast PolicyGroup might have several additional
layers of PolicyGroups defined for any of several reasons (different
locales, number of subnets, etc.). The PolicyRules are therefore
contained at n levels from the USEmployeeLogonPolicyGroup. Compare
this to the Midwest PolicyGroup (PolicyGroup X), which might directly
contain PolicyRules.
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The class definition for PolicyGroup is as follows:
NAME PolicyGroup
DESCRIPTION A container for either a set of related PolicyRules
or a set of related PolicyGroups.
DERIVED FROM Policy
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES System.CreationClassName[key]
System.Name[key]
PolicyGroupName[key]
6.2.1. The Propagated Key Property "System.CreationClassName"
This property represents the name of the CIM class to which the System
object providing the naming scope for this instance of PolicyGroup
belongs. Reference [7] defines this property as follows:
[Key, MaxLen (256), Description (
"CreationClassName indicates the name of the class or the "
"subclass used in the creation of an instance. When used "
"with the other key properties of this class, this property "
"allows all instances of this class and its subclasses to "
"be uniquely identified.") ]
string CreationClassName;
Class names in CIM are limited to alphabetic and numeric characters
plus the underscore.
6.2.2. The Propagated Key Property "System.Name"
This property represents the name of the particular System object
providing the naming scope for this instance of PolicyGroup.
Reference [7] defines this property as follows:
[Key, MaxLen (256), Override ("Name"), Description (
"The inherited Name serves as key of a System instance in "
"an enterprise environment.") ]
string Name;
The value 256 in MaxLen refers to the maximum number of characters in
a System Name, rather than to the maximum number of bytes.
6.2.3. The Key Property "PolicyGroupName"
This property provides a user-friendly name for a policy group, and is
normally what will be displayed to the end-user as the instance name.
It is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyGroupName
DESCRIPTION The user-friendly name of this policy group.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
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6.3. The Class "PolicyRule"
This class represents the "If Condition then Action" semantics
associated with a policy. A PolicyRule condition, in the most general
sense, is represented as either an ORed set of ANDed conditions
(Disjunctive Normal Form, or DNF) or an ANDed set of ORed conditions
(Conjunctive Normal Form, or CNF). Individual conditions may either be
negated (NOT C) or unnegated (C). The actions specified by a
PolicyRule are to be performed if and only if the PolicyRule condition
(whether it is represented in DNF or CNF) evaluates to TRUE.
The conditions and actions associated with a policy rule are modeled,
respectively, with subclasses of the classes PolicyCondition and
PolicyAction. These condition and action objects are tied to
instances of PolicyRule by the ConditionInPolicyRule and
ActionInPolicyRule aggregations.
As illustrated above in Section 3, a policy rule may also be
associated with one or more policy time periods, indicating the
schedule according to which the policy rule is active and inactive.
In this case it is the PolicyRuleValidityPeriod aggregation that
provides the linkage.
A policy rule is illustrated conceptually in Figure 6. below.
+------------------------------------------------+
| PolicyRule |
| |
| +--------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | PolicyCondition(s) | | PolicyAction(s) | |
| +--------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------+ |
| | PolicyTimePeriodCondition(s) | |
| +------------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------------------+
Figure 6. Overview of the PolicyRule Class
The PolicyRule class uses the property ConditionListType, to indicate
whether the conditions for the rule are in DNF or CNF. The
ConditionInPolicyRule aggregation contains two additional properties
to complete the representation of the rule's conditional expression.
The first of these properties is an integer to partition the
referenced conditions into one or more sets, and the second is a
Boolean to indicate whether a referenced condition is negated. An
example shows how ConditionListType and these two additional
properties provide a unique representation of a set of conditions in
either DNF or CNF.
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Suppose we have a PolicyRule that aggregates five PolicyConditions C1
through C5, with the following values in the properties of the five
ConditionInPolicyRule relationships:
C1: GroupNumber = 1, ConditionNegated = FALSE
C2: GroupNumber = 1, ConditionNegated = TRUE
C3: GroupNumber = 1, ConditionNegated = FALSE
C4: GroupNumber = 2, ConditionNegated = FALSE
C5: GroupNumber = 2, ConditionNegated = FALSE
If ConditionListType = DNF, then the overall condition for the
PolicyRule is:
(C1 AND (NOT C2) AND C3) OR (C4 AND C5)
On the other hand, if ConditionListType = CNF, then the overall
condition for the PolicyRule is:
(C1 OR (NOT C2) OR C3) AND (C4 OR C5)
In both cases, there is an unambiguous specification of the overall
condition that is tested to determine whether to perform the actions
associated with the PolicyRule.
The class definition is as follows:
NAME PolicyRule
DESCRIPTION The central class for representing the "If
Condition then Action" semantics associated with a
policy rule.
DERIVED FROM Policy
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES System.CreationClassName[key]
System.Name[key]
PolicyRuleName[key]
Enabled
ConditionListType
RuleUsage
Priority
Mandatory
SequencedActions
6.3.1. The Propagated Key Property "System.CreationClassName"
System.CreationClassName works the same way here as it does for the
class PolicyGroup. See Section 6.2.1 for details.
6.3.2. The Propagated Key Property "System.Name"
System.Name works the same way here as it does for the class
PolicyGroup. See Section 6.2.2 for details.
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6.3.3. The Key Property "PolicyRuleName"
This property provides a user-friendly name for a policy rule, and is
normally what will be displayed to the end-user as the instance name.
It is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleName
DESCRIPTION The user-friendly name of this policy rule.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.3.4. The Property "Enabled"
This property indicates whether a policy rule is currently enabled,
from an ADMINISTRATIVE point of view. Its purpose is to allow a
policy administrator to enable or disable a policy rule without having
to add it to, or remove it from, the policy repository.
The property also supports the value 'enabledForDebug'. When the
property has this value, the entity evaluating the policy conditions
is being told to evaluate the conditions for the policy rule, but not
to perform the actions if the conditions evaluate to TRUE. This value
serves as a debug vehicle when attempting to determine what policies
would execute in a particular scenario, without taking any actions to
change state during the debugging.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME Enabled
DESCRIPTION An enumeration indicating whether a policy rule is
administratively enabled, administratively
disabled, or enabled for debug mode.
SYNTAX uint16
VALUES enabled(1), disabled(2), enabledForDebug(3)
DEFAULT VALUE enabled(1)
6.3.5. The Property "ConditionListType"
This property is used to specify whether the list of policy conditions
associated with this policy rule is in disjunctive normal form (DNF)
or conjunctive normal form (CNF). If this property is not present,
the list type defaults to DNF. The property definition is as follows:
NAME ConditionListType
DESCRIPTION Indicates whether the list of policy conditions
associated with this policy rule is in disjunctive
normal form (DNF) or conjunctive normal form (CNF).
SYNTAX uint16
VALUES DNF(1), CNF(2)
DEFAULT VALUE DNF(1)
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6.3.6. The Property "RuleUsage"
This property is a free-form string that recommends how this policy
should be used. The property definition is as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleUsage
DESCRIPTION This property is used to provide guidelines on how
this policy should be used.
SYNTAX string
6.3.7. The Property "Priority"
This property provides a non-negative integer for prioritizing policy
rules relative to each other. For policy rules that have this
property, larger integer values indicate higher priority. Since one
purpose of this property is to allow specific, ad hoc policy rules to
temporarily override established policy rules, an instance that has
this property set has a higher priority than all instances that lack
it.
Prioritization among policy rules provides a simple and efficient
mechanism for resolving policy conflicts.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME Priority
DESCRIPTION A non-negative integer for prioritizing this
PolicyRule relative to other PolicyRules. A larger
value indicates a higher priority.
SYNTAX uint16
DEFAULT VALUE 0
6.3.8. The Property "Mandatory"
This property indicates whether evaluation (and possibly action
execution) of a PolicyRule is mandatory or not. Its concept is
similar to the ability to mark packets for delivery or possible
discard, based on network traffic and device load.
The evaluation of a PolicyRule MUST be attempted if the Mandatory
property value is TRUE. If the Mandatory property value of a
PolicyRule is FALSE, then the evaluation of the rule is "best effort"
and MAY be ignored.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME Mandatory
DESCRIPTION A flag indicating that the evaluation of the
PolicyConditions and execution of PolicyActions (if
the condition list evaluates to TRUE) is required.
SYNTAX boolean
DEFAULT VALUE TRUE
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6.3.9. The Property "SequencedActions"
This property gives a policy administrator a way of specifying how the
ordering of the policy actions associated with this PolicyRule is to
be interpreted. Three values are supported:
o mandatory(1): Do the actions in the indicated order, or don't do
them at all.
o recommended(2): Do the actions in the indicated order if you can,
but if you can't do them in this order, do them in another order if
you can.
o dontCare(3): Do them -- I don't care about the order.
When error / event reporting is addressed for the Policy Framework,
suitable codes will be defined for reporting that a set of actions
could not be performed in an order specified as mandatory (and thus
were not performed at all), that a set of actions could not be
performed in a recommended order (and moreover could not be performed
in any order), or that a set of actions could not be performed in a
recommended order (but were performed in a different order). The
property definition is as follows:
NAME SequencedActions
DESCRIPTION An enumeration indicating how to interpret the
action ordering indicated via the
ActionInPolicyRule aggregation.
SYNTAX uint16
VALUES mandatory(1), recommended(2), dontCare(3)
DEFAULT VALUE dontCare(3)
6.4. The Class "PolicyCondition"
The purpose of a policy condition is to determine whether or not the
set of actions (aggregated in the PolicyRule that the condition
applies to) should be executed or not. For the purposes of the Policy
Core Information Model, all that matters about an individual
PolicyCondition is that it evaluates to TRUE or FALSE. (The
individual PolicyConditions associated with a PolicyRule are combined
to form a compound expression in either DNF or CNF, but this is
accomplished via the ConditionListType property, discussed above, and
by the properties of the ConditionInPolicyRule aggregation, introduced
above and discussed further in Section 7.6 below.) A logical
structure WITHIN an individual PolicyCondition may also be introduced,
but this would have to be done in a subclass of PolicyCondition.
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+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Policy Conditions in DNF |
| +-------------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
| | AND list | | AND list | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | ... | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | ORed | +-----------------+ | |
| | ... | | ... | |
| | ANDed | | ANDed | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| +-------------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 7. Overview of Policy Conditions in DNF
This figure illustrates that when policy conditions are in DNF, there
are one or more sets of conditions that are ANDed together to form AND
lists. An AND list evaluates to TRUE if and only if all of its
constituent conditions evaluate to TRUE. The overall condition then
evaluates to TRUE if and only if at least one of its constituent AND
lists evaluates to TRUE.
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Policy Conditions in CNF |
| +-------------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
| | OR list | | OR list | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | ... | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | ANDed | +-----------------+ | |
| | ... | | ... | |
| | ORed | | ORed | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | ... | | | | | | PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| +-------------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 8. Overview of Policy Conditions in CNF
In this figure, the policy conditions are in CNF. Consequently, there
are one or more OR lists, each of which evaluates to TRUE if and only
if at least one of its constituent conditions evaluates to TRUE. The
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overall condition then evaluates to TRUE if and only if ALL of its
constituent OR lists evaluate to TRUE.
The class definition of PolicyCondition is as follows:
NAME PolicyCondition
DESCRIPTION A class representing a rule-specific or reusable
policy condition to be evaluated in conjunction
with a policy rule.
DERIVED FROM Policy
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES SystemCreationClassName[key]
SystemName[key]
PolicyRuleName[key]
PolicyConditionName[key]
6.4.1. The Key Property "SystemCreationClassName"
This property helps to identify the System object in whose scope this
instance of PolicyCondition exists. For a rule-specific policy
condition, this is the system in whose context the policy rule is
defined. For a reusable policy condition, this is the instance of
PolicyRepository (which is a subclass of System) that holds the policy
condition.
Note that this property, and the analogous property SystemName, do not
represent propagated keys from an instance of the class System. (If
they did, they would be written with a dot: System.CreationClassName,
System.Name.) Instead, they are properties defined in the context of
this class, which repeat the values from the instance of System to
which the instance containing them is related, either directly via the
ConditionInPolicyRepository aggregation or indirectly via the
ConditionInPolicyRule aggregation. See Section 5.2.2 for more on this
topic.
This property is defined as follows:
NAME SystemCreationClassName
DESCRIPTION The name of the class or the subclass used in the
creation of the System object in whose scope this
policy condition is defined.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.4.2. The Key Property "SystemName"
This property completes the identification of the System object in
whose scope this instance of PolicyCondition exists. For a rule-
specific policy condition, this is the system in whose context the
policy rule is defined. For a reusable policy condition, this is the
instance of PolicyRepository (which is a subclass of System) that
holds the policy condition.
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This property is defined as follows:
NAME SystemName
DESCRIPTION The name of the System object in whose scope this
policy condition is defined.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.4.3. The Key Property "PolicyRuleName"
For a rule-specific policy condition, this property identifies the
policy rule in whose scope this instance of PolicyCondition exists.
For a reusable policy condition, this property returns a special
value, the zero-length string (""), indicating that this instance of
PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | is not unique to one policy rule.
This property is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleName
DESCRIPTION For a rule-specific policy condition, the name of
the PolicyRule object with which this condition is
associated. For a reusable policy condition, a
special value, the zero-length string (""),
indicating that this condition is reusable.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.4.4. The Key Property "PolicyConditionName"
This property provides a user-friendly name for a policy condition,
and is normally what will be displayed to the end-user as the instance
name. It is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyConditionName
DESCRIPTION The user-friendly name of this policy condition.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.5. The Class "PolicyTimePeriodCondition"
This class provides a means of representing the time periods during
which a policy rule is valid, i.e., active. At all times that fall
outside these time periods, the policy rule has no effect. A policy
rule is treated as valid at all times if it does not specify a
PolicyTimePeriodCondition.
In some cases a Policy Consumer may need to perform certain setup /
cleanup actions when a policy rule becomes active / inactive. For
example, sessions that were established while a policy rule was active
might need to be taken down when the rule becomes inactive. In other
cases, however, such sessions might be left up: in this case, the
effect of deactivating the policy rule would just be to prevent the
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establishment of new sessions. Any such setup / cleanup behaviors on
validity period transitions must be specified in a subclass of
PolicyRule. If such behaviors need to be under the control of the
policy administrator, then a mechanism to allow this control must also
be specified in the subclass.
PolicyTimePeriodCondition is defined as a subclass of PolicyCondition.
This is to allow the inclusion of time-based criteria in the AND/OR
condition definitions for a PolicyRule.
Instances of this class may have up to five properties identifying
time periods at different levels. The values of all the properties
present in an instance are ANDed | +-----------------+ | |
| | ... | | ... | |
| | ORed | | ORed | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | PolicyCondition | | | | together to determine the validity
period(s) for the instance. For example, an instance with an overall
validity range of January 1, 1999 through December 31, 1999; a month
mask of "001100000000" (March and April); a day-of-the-week mask of
"0000100" (Fridays); and a time of day range of 0800 through 1600
would represent the following time periods:
Friday, March 5, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, March 12, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, March 19, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, March 26, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 2, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 9, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 16, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 23, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 30, 1999, from 0800 through 1600.
Attributes not present in an instance of PolicyTimePeriodCondition are
implicitly treated as having their value "always enabled". Thus, in
the example above, the day-of-the-month mask is not present, and so
the validity period for the instance implicitly includes a day-of-the-
month mask containing 31 1's. If we apply this "missing property"
rule to its fullest, we see that there is a second way to indicate
that a policy rule is always enabled: have it point to an instance of
PolicyTimePeriodCondition whose only properties are its naming
properties.
The class definition is as follows. Note that instances of this class
are named with the inherited key properties CreationClassName and
PolicyRuleName.
NAME PolicyTimePeriodCondition
DESCRIPTION A class that provides the capability of enabling /
disabling a policy rule according to a pre-
determined schedule.
DERIVED FROM PolicyCondition | | |
| | +-------------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| +-------------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 7. Overview
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES TimePeriod
MonthOfYearMask
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DayOfMonthMask
DayOfWeekMask
TimeOfDayMask
ApplicableTimeZone
6.5.1. The Property "TimePeriod"
This property identifies an overall range of calendar dates and times
over which a policy rule is valid. It is formatted as a string
consisting of a start date and time, then a colon (':'), and followed
by an end date and time. The first date indicates the beginning of
the range, while the second date indicates the end. Thus, the second
date and time must be later than the first. Dates are expressed as
substrings of the form "yyyymmddhhmmss". For example:
19990101080000:19990131120000
January 1, 1999, 0800 through January 31, 1999, noon
There are three special cases that can also be represented with this
format:
o If the date before the ':' is omitted, then the property indicates
that a policy rule is valid [from now] until the date that appears
after the ':'.
o If the date after the ':' is omitted, then the property indicates
that a policy rule becomes valid on the date that appears before
the ':', and remains valid from that point on.
o If both dates are omitted (i.e., if the string contains only the
':' character), then the property indicates that a policy rule is
valid now, and remains valid from now on.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME TimePeriod
DESCRIPTION The range of calendar dates on which a policy rule
is valid.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT [yyyymmddhhmmss]:[yyyymmddhhmmss]
6.5.2. The Property "MonthOfYearMask"
The purpose of this property is to refine the definition of the valid
time period that is defined by the TimePeriod property, by explicitly
specifying which months the policy is valid for. These properties
work together, with the TimePeriod used to specify the overall time
period that the policy is valid for, and the MonthOfYearMask used to
pick out which months of that time period the policy is valid for.
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This property is formatted as a string containing 12 ASCII '0's and
'1's, where the '1's identify the months (beginning with January) in
which the policy rule is valid. The value "000010010000", for
example, indicates that a policy rule is valid only in the months May
and August.
If this property is omitted, then the policy rule is treated as valid
for all twelve months. The property definition is as follows:
NAME MonthOfYearMask
DESCRIPTION A mask identifying the months of the year in which
a policy rule is valid.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT A string of 12 ASCII '0's and '1's.
6.5.3. The Property "DayOfMonthMask"
The purpose of this property is to refine the definition of the valid
time period that is defined by the TimePeriod property, by explicitly
specifying which days of the month the policy is valid for. These
properties work together, with the TimePeriod used to specify the
overall time period that the policy is valid for, and the
DayOfMonthMask used to pick out which days of the month in that time
period the policy is valid for.
This property is formatted as a string containing 31 ASCII '0's and
'1's, where the '1's identify the days of the month (beginning with
day 1 and going up through day 31) on which the policy rule is valid.
The value "1110000000000000000000000000000", for example, indicates
that a policy rule is valid only on the first three days of each
month. For months with fewer than 31 days, the digits corresponding
to days that the months do not have are ignored. The property
definition is as follows:
NAME DayOfMonthMask
DESCRIPTION A mask identifying the days of Policy Conditions in CNF
In this figure, the month on which a
policy conditions are in CNF. Consequently, there
are one or more OR lists, each rule is valid.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT A string of 31 ASCII '0's and '1's.
6.5.4. The Property "DayOfWeekMask"
The purpose of this property is to refine the definition of the valid
time period that is defined by the TimePeriod property by explicitly
specifying which evaluates days of the week the policy is valid for. These
properties work together, with the TimePeriod used to TRUE if specify the
overall time period that the policy is valid for, and only
if at least one of its constituent conditions evaluates the
DayOfWeekMask used to TRUE. The pick out which days of the week in that time
period the policy is valid for.
This property is formatted as a string containing 7 ASCII '0's and
'1's, where the '1's identify the days of the week (beginning with
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overall condition then evaluates to TRUE if
Monday and only if ALL going up through Sunday) on which the policy rule is valid.
The value "1111100", for example, indicates that a policy rule is
valid Monday through Friday.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME DayOfWeekMask
DESCRIPTION A mask identifying the days of its
constituent OR lists evaluate to TRUE. the week on which a
policy rule is valid.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT A string of 7 ASCII '0's and '1's.
6.5.5. The Property "TimeOfDayMask"
The class purpose of this property is to refine the definition of the valid
time period that is as
follows:
NAME PolicyCondition
DESCRIPTION A class representing defined by the TimePeriod property by explicitly
specifying a condition to be evaluated range of times in
conjunction a day the policy is valid for. These
properties work together, with the TimePeriod used to specify the
overall time period that the policy is valid for, and the
TimeOfDayMask used to pick out which range of time periods in a given
day of that time period the policy rule.
DERIVED FROM Policy
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES PolicyConditionName[key]
6.4.1. The Key Property "PolicyConditionName" is valid for.
This property provides is formatted as a user-friendly name string containing two times, separated
by a colon (':'). The first time indicates the beginning of the
range, while the second time indicates the end. Times are expressed
as substrings of the form "hhmmss".
The second substring always identifies a later time than the first
substring. To allow for ranges that span midnight, however, the value
of the second string may be smaller than the value of the first
substring. Thus, "080000:210000" identifies the range from 0800 until
2100, while "210000:080000" identifies the range from 2100 until 0800
of the following day.
When a range spans midnight, it by definition includes parts of two
successive days. When one of these days is also selected by either
the MonthOfYearMask, DayOfMonthMask, and/or DayOfWeekMask, but the
other day is not, then the policy condition, is active only during the portion of
the range that falls on the selected day. For example, if the range
extends from 2100 until 0800, and is normally what will be displayed to the end-user as day of week mask selects Monday
and Tuesday, then the instance
name. It policy is active during the following three
intervals:
From midnight Sunday until 0800 Monday;
From 2100 Monday until 0800 Tuesday;
From 2100 Tuesday until 21:59:59 Tuesday.
The property definition is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyConditionName TimeOfDayMask
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DESCRIPTION The user-friendly name of this policy condition.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.5. The Class "PolicyTimePeriodCondition"
This class provides a means range of representing the time periods during times at which a policy rule is valid, i.e., active. At all times that fall
outside these time periods, valid.
If the policy rule has no effect. A policy
rule second time is treated as valid at all times if it does not specify a
PolicyTimePeriodCondition.
In some cases a PDP may need to perform certain setup / cleanup
actions when a policy rule becomes active / inactive. For example,
sessions that were established while a policy rule was active might
need to be taken down when the rule becomes inactive. In other cases,
however, such sessions might be left up: in this case, the effect of
deactivating earlier than the policy rule would just be to prevent first, then
the
establishment of new sessions. Any such setup / cleanup behaviors on
validity period transitions must be specified in a subclass of
PolicyRule. If such behaviors need to be under interval spans midnight.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT hhmmss:hhmmss
6.5.6. The Property "ApplicableTimeZone"
This property is used to explicitly define a time zone for use by the control of
TimePeriod and the
policy administrator, then a mechanism to allow various Mask properties. If this control must also
be specified property is not
present, then local time (at the location where the PolicyRule is
enforced -- in other words, at the subclass.
PolicyTimePeriodCondition Policy Enforcement Point) is defined as a subclass of PolicyCondition.
assumed.
This property specifies time in UTC, using an offset indicator. The
UTC offset indicator is to allow either a 'Z', indicating UTC, or a substring
of the inclusion following form:
'+' or '-' direction from UTC: '+' = east, '-' = west
hh hours from UTC (00..13)
mm minutes from UTC (00..59)
For example, the string "+0200" indicates a time zone two hours east
of time-based criteria in UTC, and the AND/OR
condition definitions for string "-0830" indicates a PolicyRule.
Instances time zone 8.5 hours west of this class may have up to five properties identifying
UTC.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME ApplicableTimeZone
DESCRIPTION The time periods at different levels. zone for the PolicyTimePeriodCondition.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT either 'Z' (UTC) or <'+'|'-'><hhmm>
6.6. The values Class "VendorPolicyCondition"
The purpose of all this class is to provide a general escape mechanism for
representing policy conditions that have not been modeled with
specific properties. Instead, the two properties
present in an instance Constraint and
ConstraintEncoding are ANDed together used to determine the validity
period(s) for define the instance. For example, an instance with an overall
validity range content and format of January 1, 1999 through December 31, 1999; the
condition, as explained below.
As its name suggests, this class is intended for vendor-specific
extensions to the Policy Core Information Model. Standardized
extensions are not expected to use this class.
The class definition is as follows:
NAME VendorPolicyCondition
DESCRIPTION A class that defines a month
mask of "001100000000" (March and April); registered means to describe
a day-of-the-week mask of policy condition.
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"0000100" (Fridays); and
DERIVED FROM PolicyCondition
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES Constraint[ ]
ConstraintEncoding
6.6.1. The Multi-valued Property "Constraint"
This property provides a time of day range general escape mechanism for representing
policy conditions that have not been modeled with specific properties.
The format of 0800 through 1600
would represent the following time periods:
Friday, March 5, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, March 12, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, March 19, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, March 26, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 2, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 9, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 16, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 23, 1999, from 0800 through 1600;
Friday, April 30, 1999, from 0800 through 1600.
Attributes not present octet strings in an instance of PolicyTimePeriodCondition are
implicitly treated as having their value "always enabled". Thus, the array is left unspecified in
this definition. It is determined by the example above, OID value stored in the day-of-the-month mask
property ConstraintEncoding. Since ConstraintEncoding is not present, and so single-
valued, all the validity period for values of Constraint share the instance implicitly includes a day-of-the-
month mask containing 31 1's. If we apply this "missing property"
rule to its fullest, we see that same format and
semantics.
NOTE: In version 2.2 of the CIM model [7], there is a second no way to indicate
that a policy rule is always enabled: have it point to
represent an instance array of
PolicyTimePeriodCondition whose only properties are its naming
properties.
The class definition is octet strings. (A single octet string can be
represented as follows. Note that instances an ordered array of uint8's, but this class
are named with the inherited key does not work for
multi-valued properties CreationClassName and
PolicyRuleName.
NAME PolicyTimePeriodCondition
DESCRIPTION A class that provides the where each value is an octet string.) Options
for adding this capability of enabling /
disabling a policy rule according to CIM are currently being discussed;
candidates include a pre-
determined schedule.
DERIVED FROM PolicyCondition
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES TimePeriod
MonthOfYearMask
DayOfMonthMask
DayOfWeekMask
TimeOfDayMask
ApplicableTimeZone
6.5.1. The Property "TimePeriod" new octetString data type, and an embedded object
of class OctetString. This document expresses the Constraint property identifies an overall range
in terms of calendar dates and times
over which a policy rule is valid. It is formatted data type "octetString", but this should be interpreted
as a string
consisting placeholder for whatever mechanism the DMTF ultimately agrees
upon.
A policy decision point can readily determine whether it supports the
values stored in an instance of a start date and time, then a colon (':'), and followed Constraint by an end date and time. checking the OID value
from ConstraintEncoding against the set of OIDs it recognizes. The first date indicates
action for the beginning policy decision point to take in case it does not
recognize the format of this data could itself be modeled as a policy
rule, governing the range, while behavior of the policy decision point.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME Constraint
DESCRIPTION Escape mechanism for representing constraints that
have not been modeled as specific properties. The
format of the values is identified by the second date indicates OID
stored in the end. Thus, property ConstraintEncoding.
SYNTAX octetString
6.6.2. The Property "ConstraintEncoding"
This property identifies the second
date encoding and time must be later than the first. Dates are expressed as
substrings semantics of the form "yyyymmddhhmmss". For example: Constraint
property values in this instance. The value of this property is a
single string, representing a single OID.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME ConstraintEncoding
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19990101080000:19990131120000
January 1, 1999, 0800 through January 31, 1999, noon
There are three special cases that can also be represented with this
format:
o If the date before the ':' is omitted, then
DESCRIPTION An OID encoded as a string, identifying the property indicates
that format
and semantics for this instance's Constraint
property.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER OID
6.7. The Class "PolicyAction"
The purpose of a policy rule action is valid [from now] until the date to execute one or more operations
that appears
after will affect network traffic and/or systems, devices, etc. in
order to achieve a desired policy state. This (new) policy state
provides one or more (new) behaviors. A policy action ordinarily
changes the ':'.
o If configuration of one or more elements.
A PolicyRule contains one or more policy actions. A policy
administrator can assign an order to the date after actions associated with a
PolicyRule, complete with an indication of whether the ':' indicated order
is omitted, then mandatory, recommended, or of no significance. Ordering of the property indicates
that
actions associated with a policy rule becomes valid on the date that appears before PolicyRule is accomplished via a property in
the ':', and remains valid from that point on.
o If both dates ActionInPolicyRule aggregation.
The actions associated with a PolicyRule are omitted (i.e., executed if the string contains and only if
the
':' character), then overall condition(s) of the property indicates that a policy rule is
valid now, and remains valid from now on. PolicyRule evaluates to TRUE.
The property class definition of PolicyAction is as follows:
NAME TimePeriod PolicyAction
DESCRIPTION The range of calendar dates on which A class representing a rule-specific or reusable
policy action to be performed if the condition for
a policy rule
is valid.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT [yyyymmddhhmmss]:[yyyymmddhhmmss]
6.5.2. evaluates to TRUE.
DERIVED FROM Policy
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES SystemCreationClassName[key]
SystemName[key]
PolicyRuleName[key]
PolicyActionName[key]
6.7.1. The Key Property "MonthOfYearMask"
The purpose of this "SystemCreationClassName"
This property is to refine the definition of the valid
time period that is defined by the TimePeriod property, by explicitly
specifying which months the policy is valid for. These properties
work together, with the TimePeriod used helps to specify the overall time
period that the policy is valid for, and identify the MonthOfYearMask used to
pick out which months System object in whose scope this
instance of that time period the PolicyAction exists. For a rule-specific policy action,
this is valid for.
This property is formatted as a string containing 12 ASCII '0's and
'1's, where the '1's identify the months (beginning with January) system in
which whose context the policy rule is valid. The value "000010010000", for
example, indicates that defined. For a
reusable policy rule action, this is valid only in the months May
and August.
If this property instance of PolicyRepository
(which is omitted, then a subclass of System) that holds the policy rule is treated as valid
for all twelve months. The property definition is as follows:
NAME MonthOfYearMask
DESCRIPTION A mask identifying action.
Note that this property, and the months analogous property SystemName, do not
represent propagated keys from an instance of the year class System. (If
they did, they would be written with a dot: System.CreationClassName,
System.Name.) Instead, they are properties defined in the context of
this class, which
a policy rule is valid.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT A string repeat the values from the instance of 12 ASCII '0's and '1's. System to
which the instance containing them is related, either directly via the
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6.5.3. The Property "DayOfMonthMask"
The purpose of
ActionInPolicyRepository aggregation or indirectly via the
ActionInPolicyRule aggregation. See Section 5.2.2 for more on this
topic.
This property is to refine defined as follows:
NAME SystemCreationClassName
DESCRIPTION The name of the definition class or the subclass used in the
creation of the valid
time period that System object in whose scope this
policy action is defined by defined.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.7.2. The Key Property "SystemName"
This property completes the TimePeriod property, by explicitly
specifying which days identification of the month the System object in
whose scope this instance of PolicyAction exists. For a rule-specific
policy action, this is valid for. These
properties work together, with the TimePeriod used to specify system in whose context the
overall time period policy rule is
defined. For a reusable policy action, this is the instance of
PolicyRepository (which is a subclass of System) that holds the policy
action.
This property is valid for, and the
DayOfMonthMask used to pick out which days defined as follows:
NAME SystemName
DESCRIPTION The name of the month System object in that time
period whose scope this
policy action is defined.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.7.3. The Key Property "PolicyRuleName"
For a rule-specific policy action, this property identifies the policy
rule in whose scope this instance of PolicyAction exists. For a
reusable policy action, this property returns a special value, the
zero-length string (""), indicating that this instance of PolicyAction
is valid for. not unique to one policy rule.
This property is formatted defined as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleName
DESCRIPTION For a string containing 31 ASCII '0's and
'1's, where the '1's identify rule-specific policy action, the days name of the month (beginning
PolicyRule object with
day 1 and going up through day 31) on which the this action is
associated. For a reusable policy rule action, a
special value, the zero-length string (""),
indicating that this action is valid. reusable.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
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6.7.4. The value "1110000000000000000000000000000", Key Property "PolicyActionName"
This property provides a user-friendly name for example, indicates
that a policy rule action, and
is valid only on normally what will be displayed to the first three days end-user as the instance
name. It is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyActionName
DESCRIPTION The user-friendly name of each
month. For months this policy action.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.8. The Class "VendorPolicyAction"
The purpose of this class is to provide a general escape mechanism for
representing policy actions that have not been modeled with fewer than 31 days, specific
properties. Instead, the digits corresponding two properties ActionData and ActionEncoding
are used to days that define the months do not have content and format of the action, as explained
below.
As its name suggests, this class is intended for vendor-specific
extensions to the Policy Core Information Model. Standardized
extensions are ignored. not expected to use this class.
The property class definition is as follows:
NAME DayOfMonthMask VendorPolicyAction
DESCRIPTION A mask identifying the days of the month on which a
policy rule is valid.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT A string of 31 ASCII '0's and '1's.
6.5.4. class that defines a registered means to describe
a policy action.
DERIVED FROM PolicyAction
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ActionData[ ]
ActionEncoding
6.8.1. The Multi-valued Property "DayOfWeekMask"
The purpose of this "ActionData"
This property is to refine the definition of the valid
time period provides a general escape mechanism for representing
policy actions that is defined by the TimePeriod property by explicitly
specifying which days have not been modeled with specific properties.
The format of the week octet strings in the policy array is valid for. These
properties work together, with the TimePeriod used to specify the
overall time period that the policy left unspecified in
this definition. It is valid for, and the
DayOfWeekMask used to pick out which days of determined by the week OID value stored in that time
period the policy is valid for.
This
property ActionEncoding. Since ActionEncoding is formatted as a string containing 7 ASCII '0's and
'1's, where the '1's identify single-valued, all
the days values of ActionData share the week (beginning with
Monday same format and going up through Sunday) on which semantics.
NOTE: In version 2.2 of the policy rule CIM model [7], there is valid.
The no way to
represent an array of octet strings. (A single octet string can be
represented as an ordered array of uint8's, but this does not work for
multi-valued properties where each value "1111100", is an octet string.) Options
for example, indicates that adding this capability to CIM are currently being discussed;
candidates include a policy rule is
valid Monday through Friday.
The property definition is as follows:
NAME DayOfWeekMask
DESCRIPTION A mask identifying the days new octetString data type, and an embedded object
of class OctetString. This document expresses the week on which a
policy rule is valid.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT A string of 7 ASCII '0's and '1's. ActionData property
in terms of a data type "octetString", but this should be interpreted
as a placeholder for whatever mechanism the DMTF ultimately agrees
upon.
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6.5.5. The Property "TimeOfDayMask"
The purpose of this property is to refine the definition of the valid
time period that is defined by the TimePeriod property by explicitly
specifying a range of times in a day the policy is valid for. These
properties work together, with the TimePeriod used to specify the
overall time period that the
A policy is valid for, and decision point can readily determine whether it supports the
TimeOfDayMask used to pick out which range of time periods
values stored in a given
day an instance of that time period the policy is valid for.
This property is formatted as a string containing two times, separated ActionData by a colon (':'). The first time indicates the beginning of the
range, while the second time indicates the end. Times are expressed
as substrings of the form "hhmmss".
The second substring always identifies a later time than the first
substring. To allow for ranges that span midnight, however, the value
of the second string may be smaller than checking the OID value of the first
substring. Thus, "080000:210000" identifies the range from 0800 until
2100, while "210000:080000" identifies the range from 2100 until 0800
of the following day.
When a range spans midnight, it by definition includes parts of two
successive days. When one of these days is also selected by either
the MonthOfYearMask, DayOfMonthMask, and/or DayOfWeekMask, but the
other day is not, then the policy is active only during
from ActionEncoding against the portion set of OIDs it recognizes. The action
for the range that falls on the selected day. For example, if policy decision point to take in case it does not recognize
the range
extends from 2100 until 0800, and format of this data could itself be modeled as a policy rule,
governing the day behavior of week mask selects Monday
and Tuesday, then the policy is active during the following three
intervals:
From midnight Sunday until 0800 Monday;
From 2100 Monday until 0800 Tuesday;
From 2100 Tuesday until 21:59:59 Tuesday. decision point.
The property definition is defined as follows:
NAME TimeOfDayMask ActionData
DESCRIPTION Escape mechanism for representing actions that have
not been modeled as specific properties. The range format
of times at which a policy rule is valid.
If the second time values is earlier than identified by the first, then OID stored in
the interval spans midnight. property ActionEncoding.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT hhmmss:hhmmss
6.5.6. uint8
6.8.2. The Property "ApplicableTimeZone" "ActionEncoding"
This property identifies the encoding and semantics of the ActionData
property values in this instance. The value of this property is used to explicitly define a time zone for use by
single string, representing a single OID.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME ActionEncoding
DESCRIPTION An OID encoded as a string, identifying the
TimePeriod format
and the various Mask properties. If semantics for this instance's ActionData
property.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER OID
6.9. The Class "PolicyRepository"
The class definition of PolicyRepository is as follows:
NAME PolicyRepository
DESCRIPTION A class representing an administratively defined
container for reusable policy-related information.
This class does not introduce any additional
properties beyond those in its superclass
AdminDomain. It does, however, participate in a
number of unique associations.
DERIVED FROM AdminDomain
ABSTRACT FALSE
7. Association and Aggregation Definitions
The first three subsections of this property is not
present, then local time (at the location where the PolicyRule is
enforced -- section introduce relationships,
associations, and aggregations as they are used in other words, at the Policy Enforcement Point) is
assumed. CIM. The remaining
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This property specifies time in UTC, using an offset indicator. The
UTC offset indicator is either a 'Z', indicating UTC, or a substring
subsections present the class definitions for the associations and
aggregations that are part of the following form:
'+' Policy Core Information Model.
7.1. Relationships
Relationships are a central feature of information models. A
relationship represents a physical or '-' direction from UTC: '+' = east, '-' = west
hh hours from UTC (00..13)
mm minutes from UTC (00..59)
For example, conceptual connection between
objects. CIM and DEN define the string "+0200" indicates a time zone general concept of an association
between two hours east (or more) objects. Two types of UTC, relationships in CIM are
aggregations (which express whole-part relationships) and the string "-0830" indicates
associations, such as those that express dependency. Both are
represented as classes, and both are used in this model.
7.2. Associations
An association is a time zone 8.5 hours west of
UTC.
The property definition class that contains two or more references, where
each reference identifies another object. An association is as follows:
NAME ApplicableTimeZone
DESCRIPTION The time zone for defined
using a class. Associations can be defined between classes without
affecting any of the PolicyTimePeriodCondition.
SYNTAX string
FORMAT either 'Z' (UTC) or <'+'|'-'><hhmm>
6.6. The Class "VendorPolicyCondition"
The purpose related classes. That is, addition of this class is to provide a general escape mechanism for
representing policy conditions that have an
association does not been modeled with
specific properties. Instead, affect the two properties Constraint and
ConstraintEncoding are interface of the related classes.
7.3. Aggregations
An aggregation is a strong form of an association. An aggregation is
usually used to define represent a "whole-part" relationship. This type of
relationship defines the content containment relationship between a system and format of
the
condition, as explained below.
As its name suggests, this class is intended for vendor-specific
extensions to components that make up the Policy Core Information Model. Standardized
extensions are system. Aggregation often implies,
but does not expected to use this class. require, that the aggregated objects have mutual
dependencies.
7.4. The class definition Aggregation "PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup"
The PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup aggregation enables policy groups to be
nested. This is critical for scalability and manageability, as follows:
NAME VendorPolicyCondition
DESCRIPTION A class that defines a registered means it
enables complex policies to describe be constructed from multiple simpler
policies for administrative convenience. For example, a policy condition.
DERIVED FROM PolicyCondition
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES Constraint[ ]
ConstraintEncoding
6.6.1. The Multi-valued Property "Constraint"
This property provides a general escape mechanism for group
representing
policy conditions that policies for the US might have not been modeled with specific properties.
The format of nested within it policy
groups for the uint8 array is left unspecified in Eastern and Western US.
A PolicyGroup may aggregate other PolicyGroups via this definition.
It is determined by aggregation,
or it may aggregate PolicyRules via the OID value stored in PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup
aggregation. But a single PolicyGroup SHALL NOT do both.
The class definition for the property
ConstraintEncoding. Since ConstraintEncoding aggregation is single-valued, all as follows:
NAME PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup
DESCRIPTION A class representing the values aggregation of Constraint share the same format and semantics.
PolicyGroups by a higher-level PolicyGroup.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingGroup[ref PolicyGroup[0..n]]
ContainedGroup[ref PolicyGroup[0..n]]
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A policy decision point can readily determine whether it supports the
values stored in an instance of Constraint by checking the OID value
from ConstraintEncoding against the set of OIDs it recognizes.
7.4.1. The
action for the policy decision point to take in case it does not
recognize Reference "ContainingGroup"
This property contains the format name of this data could itself be modeled as a policy
rule, governing the behavior of the policy decision point.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME Constraint
DESCRIPTION Escape mechanism for representing constraints PolicyGroup that
have not been modeled as specific properties. The
format of the values is identified by the OID
stored in the property ConstraintEncoding.
SYNTAX uint8
6.6.2. The Property "ConstraintEncoding"
This property identifies the encoding and semantics contains one or
more other PolicyGroups. Note that for any single instance of the Constraint
property values in this instance. The value of
association class PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup, this property (like all
Reference properties) is a
single string, representing a single OID.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME ConstraintEncoding
DESCRIPTION An OID encoded as a string, identifying the format
and semantics for this instance's Constraint
property.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER OID
6.7. single-valued. The Class "PolicyAction" [0..n] cardinality
indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one PolicyGroups that
contain any given PolicyGroup.
7.4.2. The purpose Reference "ContainedGroup"
This property contains the name of a policy action is to execute PolicyGroup contained by one or
more operations other PolicyGroups. Note that for any single instance of the
association class PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that will affect network traffic and/or systems, devices, etc. in
order to achieve a desired policy state. This (new) policy state
provides one given PolicyGroup may contain 0, 1, or more (new) behaviors. A policy action ordinarily
changes the configuration of than one or more elements.
other PolicyGroups.
7.5. The Aggregation "PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup"
A PolicyRule contains policy group may aggregate one or more policy actions. A policy
administrator can assign an order to rules, via the actions associated with a
PolicyRule, complete with an indication
PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup aggregation. Grouping of whether the indicated order policy rules into a
policy group is mandatory, recommended, again for administrative convenience; a policy rule
may also be used by itself, without belonging to a policy group.
A PolicyGroup may aggregate PolicyRules via this aggregation, or of no significance. Ordering of it
may aggregate other PolicyGroups via the
actions associated with PolicyGroupInPolicyGroup
aggregation. But a PolicyRule single PolicyGroup SHALL NOT do both.
The class definition for the aggregation is accomplished via as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup
DESCRIPTION A class representing the aggregation of PolicyRules
by a PolicyGroup.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingGroup[ref PolicyGroup[0..n]]
ContainedRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]]
7.5.1. The Reference "ContainingGroup"
This property in contains the ContainedPolicyAction aggregation.
The actions associated with name of a PolicyRule are executed if and only if
the overall condition(s) PolicyGroup that contains one or
more PolicyRules. Note that for any single instance of the PolicyRule evaluates to TRUE.
The
association class definition PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup, this property (like all
Reference properties) is as follows: single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one PolicyGroups that
contain any given PolicyRule.
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NAME PolicyAction
DESCRIPTION A class representing an action to be performed if
the condition for a policy rule evaluates to TRUE.
DERIVED FROM Policy
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES PolicyActionName[key]
6.7.1.
7.5.2. The Key Property "PolicyActionName" Reference "ContainedRule"
This property provides a user-friendly contains the name of a PolicyRule contained by one or
more PolicyGroups. Note that for any single instance of the
association class PolicyRuleInPolicyGroup, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that a given PolicyGroup may contain 0, 1, or more than one
PolicyRules.
7.6. The Aggregation "ConditionInPolicyRule"
A policy action, and rule aggregates zero or more instances of the PolicyCondition
class, via the ConditionInPolicyRule association. A policy rule that
aggregates zero policy conditions is normally what will not a valid rule -- it may, for
example, be displayed to in the end-user as process of being entered into the instance
name. It policy
repository. A policy rule has no effect until it is defined as follows:
NAME PolicyActionName
DESCRIPTION valid. The user-friendly name of this
conditions aggregated by a policy action.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER key
6.8. The Class "VendorPolicyAction" rule are grouped into two levels of
lists: either an ORed set of ANDed sets of conditions (DNF, the
default) or an ANDed set of ORed sets of conditions (CNF). Individual
conditions in these lists may be negated. The purpose property
ConditionListType specifies which of this class is these two grouping schemes
applies to provide a general escape particular PolicyRule.
Since conditions may be defined explicitly in a subclass of
PolicyRule, the AND/OR mechanism for
representing policy actions that have not been modeled to combine these conditions with specific
properties. Instead,
other (associated) PolicyConditions MUST be specified by the two properties ActionData and ActionEncoding
PolicyRule's subclass.
In either case, the conditions are used to define determine whether to
perform the content and format of actions associated with the action, as explained
below.
As its name suggests, PolicyRule.
One or more policy time periods may be among the conditions associated
with a policy rule via the ConditionInPolicyRule association. In this class is intended for vendor-specific
extensions to
case, the Policy Core Information Model. Standardized
extensions time periods are not expected simply additional conditions to use this class. be
evaluated along with any other conditions specified for the rule.
The class definition for the aggregation is as follows:
NAME VendorPolicyAction ConditionInPolicyRule
DESCRIPTION A class that defines a registered means to describe representing the aggregation of
PolicyConditions by a policy action. PolicyRule.
DERIVED FROM PolicyAction Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ActionData[ ]
ActionEncoding
6.8.1. ContainingRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]]
ContainedCondition[ref PolicyCondition[0..n]]
GroupNumber
ConditionNegated
7.6.1. The Multi-valued Property "ActionData" Reference "ContainingRule"
This property provides contains the name of a general escape mechanism for representing
policy actions PolicyRule that have not been modeled with specific properties.
The format of the uint8 array is left unspecified in this definition.
It is determined by the OID value stored in the property
ActionEncoding. Since ActionEncoding is single-valued, all the values contains one or
more PolicyConditions. Note that for any single instance of ActionData share the same format and semantics.
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A policy decision point can readily determine whether it supports
association class ConditionInPolicyRule, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one PolicyRules that
contain any given PolicyCondition.
7.6.2. The Reference "ContainedCondition"
This property contains the
values stored in an instance name of ActionData a PolicyCondition contained by checking the OID value
from ActionEncoding against the set one
or more PolicyRules. Note that for any single instance of OIDs it recognizes. the
association class ConditionInPolicyRule, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The action
for [0..n] cardinality
indicates that a given PolicyRule may contain 0, 1, or more than one
PolicyConditions.
7.6.3. The Property "GroupNumber"
This property contains an integer identifying the policy decision point group to take in case it does not recognize which the format of this data could itself be modeled as a policy rule,
governing
condition referenced by the behavior of ContainedCondition property is assigned in
forming the overall conditional expression for the policy decision point. rule
identified by the ContainingRule reference.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME ActionData GroupNumber
DESCRIPTION Escape mechanism for representing actions that have
not been modeled as specific properties. The format
of Unsigned integer indicating the values is group to which the
condition identified by the OID stored in
the ContainedCondition
property ActionEncoding. is to be assigned.
SYNTAX uint8
6.8.2. uint16
7.6.4. The Property "ActionEncoding" "ConditionNegated"
This property identifies the encoding and semantics of the ActionData
property values in this instance. The value of this property is a
single string, representing a single OID.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME ActionEncoding
DESCRIPTION An OID encoded as a string, identifying the format
and semantics for this instance's ActionData
property.
SYNTAX string
QUALIFIER OID
7. Association and Aggregation Definitions
The first three subsections of this section introduce relationships,
associations, and aggregations as they are used boolean, indicating whether the condition
referenced by the ContainedCondition property is negated in CIM. The remaining
subsections present forming
the class definitions overall conditional expression for the associations and
aggregations that are part of policy rule identified by
the Policy Core Information Model.
7.1. Relationships
Relationships are a central feature ContainingRule reference.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME ConditionNegated
DESCRIPTION Indication of information models. A
relationship represents a physical or conceptual connection between
objects. CIM and DEN define whether the general concept of an association
between two (or more) objects. Two types of relationships in CIM are
aggregations (which express whole-part relationships) and
associations, such as those condition identified by
the ContainedCondition property is negated. (TRUE
indicates that express dependency. Both are
represented as classes, and both are used in this model. the condition IS negated, FALSE
indicates that it IS NOT negated.)
SYNTAX boolean
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7.2. Associations
An association is
7.7. The Aggregation "PolicyRuleValidityPeriod"
A different relationship between a class that contains two or more references, where
each reference identifies another object. An association is defined
using policy rule and a class. Associations can be defined between classes without
affecting any of the related classes. That is, addition of an
association does not affect policy time
period is represented by the interface PolicyRuleValidityPeriod association:
scheduled activation and deactivation of the related classes.
7.3. Aggregations
An aggregation is policy rule. If a strong form of an association. An aggregation policy
rule is
usually used to represent a "whole-part" relationship. This type of
relationship defines the containment relationship between a system and associated with multiple policy time periods via this
association, then the components that make up rule is active if at least one of the system. Aggregation often implies,
but does not require, time
periods indicates that it is active. (In other words, the aggregated objects have mutual
dependencies.
7.4. The Aggregation "ContainedPolicyGroup"
The ContainedPolicyGroup aggregation enables policy groups time
periods are ORed to be
nested. This determine whether the rule is critical for scalability and manageability, as it
enables complex policies to active.) A policy
time period may be constructed from aggregated by multiple simpler
policies for administrative convenience. For example, a policy group
representing policies for the US might have nested within it policy
groups for the Eastern and Western US. rules. A PolicyGroup may aggregate other PolicyGroups rule that
does not point to a policy time period via this aggregation,
or it may aggregate PolicyRules via association is, from
the ContainedPolicyRule
aggregation. But point of view of scheduling, always active. It may, however, be
inactive for other reasons.
Time periods are a single PolicyGroup SHALL NOT do both. general concept that can be used in other
applications. However, they are mentioned explicitly here in this
specification since they are frequently used in policy applications.
The class definition for the aggregation is as follows:
NAME ContainedPolicyGroup PolicyRuleValidityPeriod
DESCRIPTION A class representing the aggregation of
PolicyGroups
PolicyTimePeriodConditions by a higher-level PolicyGroup. PolicyRule.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingGroup[ref PolicyGroup[0..n]]
ContainedGroup[ref PolicyGroup[0..n]]
7.4.1. ContainingRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]]
ContainedPtp[ref PolicyTimePeriodCondition[0..n]]
7.7.1. The Reference "ContainingGroup" "ContainingRule"
This property contains the name of a PolicyGroup PolicyRule that contains one or
more other PolicyGroups. PolicyTimePeriodConditions. Note that for any single instance of
the association class ContainedPolicyGroup, PolicyRuleValidityPeriod, this property (like
all Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one PolicyGroups PolicyRules that
contain any given PolicyGroup.
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7.4.2. PolicyTimePeriodCondition.
7.7.2. The Reference "ContainedGroup" "ContainedPtp"
This property contains the name of a PolicyGroup PolicyTimePeriodCondition
contained by one or more other PolicyGroups. PolicyRules. Note that for any single
instance of the association class ContainedPolicyGroup, PolicyRuleValidityPeriod, this
property (like all Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n]
cardinality indicates that a given PolicyGroup PolicyRule may contain 0, 1, or
more than one
other PolicyGroups.
7.5. PolicyTimePeriodConditions.
7.8. The Aggregation "ContainedPolicyRule" "ActionInPolicyRule"
A policy group rule may aggregate one zero or more policy rules, via actions. A policy
rule that aggregates zero policy actions is not a valid rule -- it
may, for example, be in the
ContainedPolicyRule aggregation. Grouping process of policy rules being entered into a the policy group is again for administrative convenience; a
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repository. A policy rule has no effect until it is valid. The
actions associated with a PolicyRule may also be given a required order, a
recommended order, or no order at all. For actions represented as
separate objects, the ActionInPolicyRule aggregation can be used by itself, without belonging to
express an order. For actions defined explicitly in a policy group.
A PolicyGroup may aggregate PolicyRules via this aggregation, or it
may aggregate other PolicyGroups via subclass of
PolicyRule, the ContainedPolicyGroup
aggregation. But ordering mechanism must be specified in the subclass
definition.
This aggregation does not indicate whether a single PolicyGroup SHALL NOT do both. specified action order is
required, recommended, or of no significance; the property
SequencedActions in the aggregating instance of PolicyRule provides
this indication.
The class definition for the aggregation is as follows:
NAME ContainedPolicyRule ActionInPolicyRule
DESCRIPTION A class representing the aggregation of PolicyRules
PolicyActions by a PolicyGroup. PolicyCondition.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingGroup[ref PolicyGroup[0..n]]
ContainedRule[ref ContainingRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]]
7.5.1.
ContainedAction[ref PolicyAction[0..n]]
ActionOrder
7.8.1. The Reference "ContainingGroup" "ContainingRule"
This property contains the name of a PolicyGroup PolicyRule that contains one or
more PolicyRules. PolicyActions. Note that for any single instance of the
association class ContainedPolicyRule, ActionInPolicyRule, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one PolicyGroups PolicyRules that
contain any given PolicyRule.
7.5.2. PolicyAction.
7.8.2. The Reference "ContainedRule" "ContainedAction"
This property contains the name of a PolicyRule PolicyAction contained by one or
more PolicyGroups. PolicyRules. Note that for any single instance of the
association class ContainedPolicyRule, ActionInPolicyRule, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality [0..n] cardinality
indicates that a given PolicyRule may contain 0, 1, or more than one
PolicyActions.
7.8.3. The Property "ActionOrder"
This property provides an unsigned integer 'n' that indicates the
relative position of an action in the sequence of actions associated
with a policy rule. When 'n' is a positive integer, it indicates a
place in the sequence of actions to be performed, with smaller
integers indicating earlier positions in the sequence. The special
value '0' indicates that a given PolicyGroup may contain 0, 1, or more than one
PolicyRules.
7.6. The Aggregation "ContainedPolicyCondition"
A policy rule aggregates zero "don't care". If two or more instances of the PolicyCondition
class, via actions have the ContainedPolicyCondition association. A policy rule
same non-zero sequence number, they may be performed in any order, but
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that aggregates zero policy conditions is not a valid rule -- it may,
for example,
they must all be performed at the appropriate place in the process overall
action sequence.
A series of being entered into examples will make ordering of actions clearer:
o If all actions have the policy
repository. A policy rule has no effect until same sequence number, regardless of whether
it is valid. '0' or non-zero, any order is acceptable.
o The
conditions aggregated by a policy rule are grouped into values
1:ACTION A
2:ACTION B
1:ACTION C
3:ACTION D
indicate two levels of
lists: acceptable orders: A,C,B,D or C,A,B,D, since A and C
can be performed in either an ORed set of ANDed sets of conditions (DNF, order, but only at the
default) '1' position.
o The values
0:ACTION A
2:ACTION B
3:ACTION C
3:ACTION D
require that B,C, and D occur either as B,C,D or an ANDed as B,D,C. Action
A may appear at any point relative to B,C, and D. Thus the
complete set of ORed sets of conditions (CNF). Individual
conditions in these lists may acceptable orders is: A,B,C,D; B,A,C,D; B,C,A,D;
B,C,D,A; A,B,D,C; B,A,D,C; B,D,A,C; B,D,C,A.
Note that the non-zero sequence numbers need not start with '1', and
they need not be negated. consecutive. All that matters is their relative
magnitude.
The property
ConditionListType specifies which of these two grouping schemes
applies to a particular PolicyRule.
Since conditions may be is defined explicitly in a subclass as follows:
NAME ActionOrder
DESCRIPTION Unsigned integer indicating the relative position
of
PolicyRule, an action in the AND/OR mechanism to combine these conditions with
other (associated) PolicyConditions MUST be specified sequence of actions aggregated
by the
PolicyRule's subclass.
In either case, the conditions are used to determine whether a policy rule.
SYNTAX uint16
7.9. The Aggregation "ConditionInPolicyRepository"
A reusable policy condition is always related to
perform a single
PolicyRepository, via the actions associated with ConditionInPolicyRepository aggregation.
Since, however, the PolicyRule.
One or more PolicyCondition class represents both reusable and
rule-specific policy time periods conditions, an instance of PolicyCondition (one
that represents a rule-specific condition) may not be among the conditions associated
with a related to any
policy rule repository via the ContainedPolicyCondition association. In this case, the time periods are simply additional conditions to be
evaluated along with any other conditions specified for the rule. aggregation.
The class definition for the aggregation is as follows:
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NAME ContainedPolicyCondition ConditionInPolicyRepository
DESCRIPTION A class representing the aggregation of reusable
PolicyConditions by a PolicyRule. PolicyRepository.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]] ContainingRepository[ref PolicyRepository[0..1]]
ContainedCondition[ref PolicyCondition[0..n]]
GroupNumber
ConditionNegated
7.6.1.
7.9.1. The Reference "ContainingRule" "ContainingRepository"
This property contains the name of a PolicyRule that contains PolicyRepository containing one
or more PolicyConditions. Note that for any single instance of the
association class ContainedPolicyCondition, this property (like all
Reference properties) A reusable PolicyCondition is single-valued. always
related to exactly one PolicyRepository via the
ConditionInPolicyRepository aggregation. The [0..n] [0..1] cardinality
indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one PolicyRules that
contain any given PolicyCondition.
7.6.2. for
this property covers the two types of PolicyConditions: 0 for a rule-
specific PolicyCondition, 1 for a reusable one.
7.9.2. The Reference "ContainedCondition"
This property contains the name of a PolicyCondition contained by one
or more PolicyRules. PolicyCondition contained by a
PolicyRepository. Note that for any single instance of the
association class ContainedPolicyCondition, ConditionInPolicyRepository, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that a given PolicyRule PolicyRepository may contain 0, 1, or more than
one PolicyConditions.
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7.6.3. The Property "GroupNumber"
This property contains an integer identifying the group to which the
condition referenced by the ContainedCondition property is assigned in
forming the overall conditional expression for the policy rule
identified by the ContainingRule reference.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME GroupNumber
DESCRIPTION Unsigned integer indicating the group to which the
condition identified by the ContainedCondition
property is to be assigned.
SYNTAX uint16
7.6.4. The Property "ConditionNegated"
This property is a boolean, indicating whether the condition
referenced by the ContainedCondition property is negated in forming
the overall conditional expression for the policy rule identified by
the ContainingRule reference.
The property is defined as follows:
NAME ConditionNegated
DESCRIPTION Indication of whether the condition identified by
the ContainedCondition property is negated. (TRUE
indicates that the condition IS negated, FALSE
indicates that it IS NOT negated.)
SYNTAX boolean
7.7.
7.10. The Aggregation "PolicyRuleValidityPeriod" "ActionInPolicyRepository"
A different relationship between a policy rule and a reusable policy time
period action is represented by the PolicyRuleValidityPeriod association:
scheduled activation and deactivation of the policy rule. If always related to a policy
rule is associated with multiple policy time periods single
PolicyRepository, via this
association, then the rule is active if at least one of the time
periods indicates that it is active. (In other words, the time
periods are ORed to determine whether ActionInPolicyRepository aggregation.
Since, however, the rule is active.) A policy
time period may be aggregated by multiple policy rules. A rule PolicyAction class represents both reusable and
rule-specific policy actions, an instance of PolicyAction (one that
does
represents a rule-specific action) may not point be related to a any policy time period
repository via this association is, from
the point of view of scheduling, always active. It may, however, be
inactive for other reasons.
Time periods are a general concept that can be used in other
applications. However, they are mentioned explicitly here in this
specification since they are frequently used in policy applications.
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The class definition for the aggregation is as follows:
NAME PolicyRuleValidityPeriod ActionInPolicyRepository
DESCRIPTION A class representing the aggregation of
PolicyTimePeriodConditions reusable
PolicyActions by a PolicyRule. PolicyRepository.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]]
ContainedPtp[ref PolicyTimePeriodCondition[0..n]]
7.7.1. ContainingRepository[ref PolicyRepository[0..1]]
ContainedAction[ref PolicyAction[0..n]]
7.10.1. The Reference "ContainingRule" "ContainingRepository"
This property contains the name of a PolicyRule that contains PolicyRepository containing one
or more PolicyTimePeriodConditions. PolicyActions. A reusable PolicyAction is always related to
exactly one PolicyRepository via the ActionInPolicyRepository
aggregation. The [0..1] cardinality for this property covers the two
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types of PolicyActions: 0 for a rule-specific PolicyAction, 1 for a
reusable one.
7.10.2. The Reference "ContainedAction"
This property contains the name of a PolicyAction contained by a
PolicyRepository. Note that for any single instance of the
association class PolicyRuleValidityPeriod, ActionInPolicyRepository, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that there a given PolicyRepository may be contain 0, 1, or more than
one PolicyRules that
contain any given PolicyTimePeriodCondition.
7.7.2. PolicyActions.
7.11. The Weak Aggregation "PolicyGroupInSystem"
A PolicyGroup is named within the scope of a CIM System, via the weak
aggregation PolicyGroupInSystem.
The class definition for the aggregation is as follows:
NAME PolicyGroupInSystem
DESCRIPTION A class representing the weak aggregation of
PolicyGroups by a CIM System.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingSystem[ref System]
ContainedGroup[ref PolicyGroup[weak]]
7.11.1. The Reference "ContainingSystem"
This property contains the name of a CIM System that provies a naming
scope for one or more PolicyGroups. Since this is a weak aggregation,
the cardinality for CIM System is always 1, that is, a PolicyGroup is
always named within the scope of exactly one CIM System.
7.11.2. The Reference "ContainedPtp" "ContainedGroup"
This property contains the name of a PolicyTimePeriodCondition
contained by one or more PolicyRules. PolicyGroup named within the
context of a CIM System. Note that for any single instance of the
association class PolicyRuleValidityPeriod, PolicyGroupInSystem, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The "weak" qualifier, which
is equivalent to a [0..n]
cardinality cardinality, indicates that a given PolicyRule CIM
System may contain have 0, 1, or more than one PolicyTimePeriodConditions.
7.8. PolicyGroups named within its
scope.
7.12. The Weak Aggregation "ContainedPolicyAction"
A policy rule may aggregate zero or more policy actions. A policy
rule that aggregates zero policy actions is not a valid rule -- it
may, for example, be in the process "PolicyRuleInSystem"
Regardless of being entered into the policy
repository. A policy rule has no effect until whether it is valid. The
actions associated with belongs to a PolicyRule may be given PolicyGroup (or to multiple
PolicyGroups), a required order, PolicyRule is named within the scope of a
recommended order, or no order at all. For actions represented CIM System,
via the weak aggregation PolicyRuleInSystem.
The class definition for the aggregation is as
separate objects, follows:
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NAME PolicyRuleInSystem
DESCRIPTION A class representing the ContainedPolicyAction weak aggregation can be used to
express an order. For actions defined explicitly in a subclass of
PolicyRule,
PolicyRules by a CIM System.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingSystem[ref System]
ContainedRule[ref PolicyRule[weak]]
7.12.1. The Reference "ContainingSystem"
This property contains the ordering mechanism must be specified in name of a CIM System that provies a naming
scope for one or more PolicyRules. Since this is a weak aggregation,
the subclass
definition.
This aggregation does not indicate whether cardinality for CIM System is always 1, that is, a specified action order PolicyRule is
required, recommended, or of no significance;
always named within the scope of exactly one CIM System.
7.12.2. The Reference "ContainedRule"
This property
SequencedActions in contains the name of a PolicyRule named within the aggregating
context of a CIM System. Note that for any single instance of PolicyRule provides the
association class PolicyRuleInSystem, this indication. property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The "weak" qualifier, which
is equivalent to a [0..n] cardinality, indicates that a given CIM
System may have 0, 1, or more than one PolicyRules named within its
scope.
7.13. The Aggregation "PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository"
The PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository aggregation enables policy
repositories to be nested.
The class definition for the aggregation is as follows:
NAME ContainedPolicyAction PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository
DESCRIPTION A class representing the aggregation of
PolicyActions
PolicyRepositories by a PolicyCondition.
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PolicyRepository.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES ContainingRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]]
ContainedAction[ref PolicyAction[0..n]]
ActionOrder
7.8.1. ContainingRepository[ref PolicyRepository[0..n]]
ContainedRepository[ref PolicyRepository[0..n]]
7.13.1. The Reference "ContainingRule" "ContainingRepository"
This property contains the name of a PolicyRule PolicyRepository that contains
one or more PolicyActions. other PolicyRepositories. Note that for any single
instance of the association class ContainedPolicyAction, PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository,
this property (like all Reference properties) is single-valued. The
[0..n] cardinality indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one PolicyRules
PolicyRepositories that contain any given PolicyAction.
7.8.2. PolicyRepository.
EDITOR'S NOTE: This matches the recursive aggregation for
PolicyGroups, but I could also see an argument for having the
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cardinality at the "containing" end being [0..1], which would make
this more like DIT containment. Let's just decide one way or the
other.
7.13.2. The Reference "ContainedAction" "ContainedRepository"
This property contains the name of a PolicyAction PolicyRepository contained by one
or more PolicyRules. other PolicyRepositories [or simply "by another
PolicyRepository" -- see the EDITOR'S NOTE in the preceding section].
Note that for any single instance of the association class ContainedPolicyAction,
PolicyRepositoryInPolicyRepository, this property (like all Reference
properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that a
given PolicyRule PolicyRepository may contain 0, 1, or more than one
PolicyActions.
7.8.3. other
PolicyRepositories.
7.14. The Property "ActionOrder"
This property provides an unsigned integer 'n' Policy Group Jurisdiction Associations
There are four CIM associations that indicates the
relative position of an action in the sequence of actions associated
with a policy rule. When 'n' is a positive integer, it indicates a
place in the sequence of actions link objects representing
resources to be performed, which policies apply with smaller
integers indicating earlier positions in the sequence. PolicyGroup objects that
represent these policies. The special
value '0' indicates "don't care". If two or more actions have fact that there are four associations
rather than one reflects how CIM has modeled the
same non-zero sequence number, they may be performed in any order, but
they must resources, not how it
has modeled policies. Since all be performed at the appropriate place four associations work in the overall
action sequence.
A series of examples will make ordering of actions clearer:
o If all actions have exactly the
same sequence number, regardless way, this section will focus on only one of whether
it is '0' or non-zero, any order is acceptable.
o them:
GroupWithSettingJurisdiction. The values
1:ACTION A
2:ACTION B
1:ACTION C
3:ACTION D
indicate two acceptable orders: A,C,B,D or C,A,B,D, since A remaining three associations,
GroupWithMseJurisdiction, GroupWithResponsibleEntityJurisdiction, and C
can be performed in either order, but only at the '1' position.
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o
GroupWithCollectionJurisdiction are equivalent to this one.
The values
0:ACTION A
2:ACTION B
3:ACTION C
3:ACTION D
require that B,C, and D occur either as B,C,D or class definition for the GroupWithSettingJurisdiction association
is as B,D,C. Action follows:
NAME GroupWithSettingJurisdiction
DESCRIPTION A may appear at any point relative class representing the fact that a PolicyGroup is
applicable to B,C, and D. Thus a resource represented by a Setting
object.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES GroupScope[ref Setting[0..n]]
ApplicableGroup[ref PolicyGroup[0..n]]
7.14.1. The Reference "GroupScope"
This property contains the
complete set name of acceptable orders is: A,B,C,D; B,A,C,D; B,C,A,D;
B,C,D,A; A,B,D,C; B,A,D,C; B,D,A,C; B,D,C,A.
Note that a Setting object to which the non-zero sequence numbers need not start with '1', and
they need not be consecutive. All
policies represented by one or more PolicyRules apply. Note that matters for
any single instance of the association class
GroupWithSettingJurisdiction, this property (like all Reference
properties) is their relative
magnitude. single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that
there may be 0, 1, or more than one Settings to which the policies
belonging to a single PolicyGroup apply.
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7.14.2. The Reference "ApplicableGroup"
This property is defined as follows:
NAME ActionOrder
DESCRIPTION Unsigned integer indicating contains the relative position name of an action in a PolicyGroup whose policies apply
to the sequence of actions aggregated resources represented by one or more Setting objects. Note
that for any single instance of the association class
GroupWithSettingJurisdiction, this property (like all Reference
properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that a policy rule.
SYNTAX uint16
7.9.
given Setting may be governed by policies belonging to 0, 1, or more
than one PolicyGroup.
7.15. The Policy Group Rule Jurisdiction Associations
There are also four CIM associations that link objects representing
resources to which policies apply directly with the PolicyGroup PolicyRule objects
that represent these policies. policies, without going by way of a PolicyGroup.
The fact that there are four associations rather than one reflects how
CIM has modeled the resources, not how it has modeled policies. Since
all four associations work in exactly the same way, this section will
focus on only one of them:
GroupWithSettingJurisdiction. RuleWithSettingJurisdiction. The
remaining three associations,
GroupWithMseJurisdiction, GroupWithPartyJurisdiction, RuleWithMseJurisdiction,
RuleWithResponsibleEntityJurisdiction, and
GroupWithCollectionJurisdiction
RuleWithCollectionJurisdiction are equivalent to this one.
The class definition for the GroupWithSettingJurisdiction RuleWithSettingJurisdiction association
is as follows:
NAME GroupWithSettingJurisdiction RuleWithSettingJurisdiction
DESCRIPTION A class representing the fact that a PolicyGroup PolicyRule is
applicable to a resource represented by a Setting
object.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES GroupScope[ref RuleScope[ref Setting[0..n]]
ApplicableGroup[ref PolicyGroup[0..n]]
7.9.1.
ApplicableRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]]
7.15.1. The Reference "GroupScope" "RuleScope"
This property contains the name of a Setting object to which the
policies represented by one or more PolicyRules apply. Note that for
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any single instance of the association class
GroupWithSettingJurisdiction,
RuleWithSettingJurisdiction, this property (like all Reference
properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that
there may be 0, 1, or more than one Settings to which the policies
belonging to a single PolicyGroup PolicyRule apply.
7.9.2.
7.15.2. The Reference "ApplicableGroup" "ApplicableRule"
This property contains the name of a PolicyGroup PolicyRule whose policies apply
to the resources represented by one or more Setting objects. Note
that for any single instance of the association class
GroupWithSettingJurisdiction,
RuleWithSettingJurisdiction, this property (like all Reference
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properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that a
given Setting may be governed by policies belonging to 0, 1, or more
than one PolicyGroup.
7.10. PolicyRule.
7.16. The Policy Rule Repository Jurisdiction Associations
There
Finally, there are also four CIM associations that link objects
representing resources to which policies apply directly with the PolicyRule
PolicyRepositories containing reusable policy objects that represent embody
these policies, without going by way of a PolicyGroup. policies. The fact that there are four associations rather than
one reflects how CIM has modeled the resources, not how it has modeled
policies. Since all four associations work in exactly the same way,
this section will focus on only one of them: RuleWithSettingJurisdiction.
RepositoryWithSettingJurisdiction. The remaining three associations, RuleWithMseJurisdiction,
RuleWithPartyJurisdiction,
RepositoryWithMseJurisdiction,
RepositoryWithResponsibleEntityJurisdiction, and RuleWithCollectionJurisdiction
RepositoryWithCollectionJurisdiction are equivalent to this one.
The class definition for the RuleWithSettingJurisdiction RepositoryWithSettingJurisdiction
association is as follows:
NAME RuleWithSettingJurisdiction RepositoryWithSettingJurisdiction
DESCRIPTION A class representing the fact that a PolicyRule is
PolicyRepository contains reusable policy objects
applicable to a resource represented by a Setting
object.
DERIVED FROM Top
ABSTRACT FALSE
PROPERTIES RuleScope[ref RepositoryScope[ref Setting[0..n]]
ApplicableRule[ref PolicyRule[0..n]]
Note: In the DMTF's CIM model, there are two additional properties
defined for this association class: LastExecutionTime and
LastExecutionSuccessful. Since these properties appear to have no
relationship to the (currently chartered) work of the Policy Framework
WG, they have been omitted from this document.
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7.10.1.
ApplicableRepository[ref PolicyRepository[0..n]]
7.16.1. The Reference "RuleScope" "RepositoryScope"
This property contains the name of a Setting object to which the
policies represented by the reusable policy objects in one or more PolicyRules
PolicyRepositories apply. Note that for any single instance of the
association class
RuleWithSettingJurisdiction, RepositoryWithSettingJurisdiction, this property
(like all Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n]
cardinality indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one
Settings to which the policies
belonging to reusable policy objects in a single PolicyRule
apply.
7.10.2.
7.16.2. The Reference "ApplicableRule" "ApplicableRepository"
This property contains the name of a PolicyRule PolicyRepository whose policies reusable
policy objects apply to the resources represented by one or more
Setting objects. Note that for any single instance of the association
class
RuleWithSettingJurisdiction, RepositoryWithSettingJurisdiction, this property (like all
Reference properties) is single-valued. The [0..n] cardinality
indicates that a given Setting may be governed by policies belonging to represented
by reusable policy objects contained in 0, 1, or more than one PolicyRule.
PolicyRepository.
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8. Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain
to the implementation or use of the technology described in this
document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or
might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any
effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's
procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and standards-
related documentation can be found in BCP-11.
Copies of claims of rights made available for publication and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification
can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive
Director.
9. Acknowledgements
The Policy Core Information Model in this document is closely based on
the work of the DMTF's Service Level Agreements working group, so
thanks are due to the members of that working group.
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10. Security Considerations
o General: The IETF is concerned with standardizing what happens on
the wire. However, many of the security concerns in a policy
system have to do with things that have nothing to do with what
happens on the wire, like logging, how data is stored on the
repository server, etc. These are out-of-scope for IETF
standardization. However, it is necessary to document the
requirements for a secure policy system, in order to show that the
overall policy framework is viable. Our model for documenting
these requirements is based on prior work in the IETF on DNSSEC and
SNMPv3. One of our objectives in the policy work in the IETF is to
not break the known existing security mechanisms, or to make them
less effective, regardless of whether or not these security
mechanisms affect what flows on the wire.
o Users: The first step in identifying security requirements for
policy, is to identify the users of policy. The users fall into
three categories:
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o Administrators of Schema: This group requires the most stringent
authorization and associated security controls. An improper or
mal-formed change in the design of the policy schema carries with
it the danger of rendering the repository inoperable while the
repository is being repaired or re-built. During this time, the
policy enforcement entities would need to continue to enforce
policies according to their prior configuration. The good news is
that it is expected that large network operators will change schema
design infrequently, and, when they do, the schema creation changes
will be tested on an off-line copy of the directory before the
operational directory is updated. Typically, a small group of
schema administrators will be authorized to make these changes in a
service provider or enterprise environment. The ability to
maintain an audit trails is also required here.
o Administrators of Schema Content: This group requires authorization
to load values (entries) into a policy repository) schema
(read/write access). An audit trail mechanism is also required
here. The effect of entering improperly formatted or maliciously-
intended data into a policy repository, could potentially result in
re-configuring mass numbers of network elements in a way that
renders them to be inoperable, or of rendering network resources
inaccessible for an extended period of time,
o Applications and PDPs: Policy Consumers: These entities must be
authorized for read-
only read-only access to the policy repository, so that
they may acquire policy for the purposes of passing it to their
respective enforcement entities.
o Security Disciplines:
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o Audit Trail (Non-repudiation): In general, standardizing
mechanisms for non-repudiation is outside the scope of the
IETF; however, we can certainly document the need for this
function in systems which maintain and distribute policy. The
dependency for support of this function is on the implementers
of these systems, and not on any specific standards for
implementation. The requirement for a policy system is that a
minimum level of auditing via an auditing facility must be
provided. Logging should be enabled. This working group will
not specify what this minimal auditing function consists of.
o Access Control/Authorization: Access Control List (ACL)
functionality must be provided. The two administrative sets of
users documented above will form the basis for two
administrative use cases which require support.
o Authentication: Authentication support on the order of that
available with TLS and Kerboros are acceptable for
authentication. We advise against using weaker mechanisms,
such as clear text and HTTP Digest. Mutual authentication is
recommended.
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o Integrity/Privacy: Integrity/privacy support on the order of
TLS or IPSEC is acceptable for encryption and data integrity
on the wire. If physical or virtual access to the policy
repository is in question, it may also be necessary to encrypt
the policy data as it is stored on the file system; however,
specification of mechanisms for this purpose are outside the
scope of this working group. In any case, we recommend that
the physical server be located in a physically secure
environment.
In the case of PDP-to-PEP Policy Consumer-to-Policy Target communications, the
use of IPSEC is recommended for providing confidentiality, data
origin authentication, integrity and replay prevention. See
reference [10].
o Denial of Service: We recommend the use of multiple policy
repositories, such that a denial of service attack on any one
repository will not make all policy data inaccessible to legitimate
users. However, this still leaves a denial of service attack
exposure. Our belief is that the use of a policy schema, in a
centrally administered but physically distributed policy
repository, does not increase the risk of denial of service
attacks; however, such attacks are still possible. If executed
successfully, such an attack could prevent PDPs Policy Consumers from
accessing a policy repository, and thus prevent them from acquiring
new policy. In such a case, the PDPs, Policy Consumers, and associated PEPs
Policy Targets would continue operating under the policies in force
before the denial of service attack was launched. Note that
exposure of policy systems to denial of service attacks is not any
greater than the exposure of DNS with DNSSEC in place.
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11. References
[1] J. Strassner and E. Ellesson, "Terminology for describing network
policy and services", draft-strassner-policy-terms-02.txt, June
1999.
[2] Bhattacharya, P., and R. Adams, W. Dixon, R. Pereira, R. Rajan, "An
LDAP Schema for Configuration and Administration of IPSec based
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)", Internet-Draft work in progress,
October 1998
[3] Rajan, R., and J. C. Martin, S. Kamat, M. See, R. Chaudhury, D.
Verma, G. Powers, R. Yavatkar, "Schema for Differentiated Services
and Integrated Services in Networks", Internet-Draft work in
progress, October 1998
[4] J. Strassner and S. Judd, "Directory-Enabled Networks", version
3.0c5 (August 1998).
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[5] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[6] Hovey, R., and S. Bradner, "The Organizations Involved in the IETF
Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October 1996.
[7] Distributed Management Task Force, Inc., "Common Information Model
(CIM) Specification, version 2.2, June 14, 1999.
[8] J. Strassner, policy architecture BOF presentation, 42nd IETF
Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, October, 1998
[9] J. Strassner and E. Ellesson, B. Moore "Policy Framework LDAP Core
Schema," draft-ietf-policy-core-schema-04.txt, June draft-ietf-policy-core-schema-05.txt, October 1999.
[10] R. Yavatkar and D. Pendarakis, R. Guerin, "A Framework for Policy-
based Admission Control", draft-ietf-rap-framework-03.txt, April
1999.
12. Authors' Addresses
John Strassner
Cisco Systems, Bldg 1
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
Phone: +1 408-527-1069
Fax: +1 408-527-1722
E-mail: johns@cisco.com
Ed Ellesson
IBM Corporation, JDGA/501
4205 S. Miami Blvd.
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Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: +1 919-254-4115
Fax: +1 919-254-6243
E-mail: ellesson@raleigh.ibm.com
Bob Moore
IBM Corporation, JDGA/501
4205 S. Miami Blvd.
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: +1 919-254-4436
Fax: +1 919-254-6243
E-mail: remoore@us.ibm.com
13. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
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or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and
distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind,
provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing
Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined
in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to
translate it into languages other than English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN
WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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----