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Atompub Working Group                                           R. Sayre
Internet-Draft                                          October 25, 2005                                          January 24, 2006
Expires: April July 28, 2006


                  The Atom Publishing Protocol (Basic)
               draft-sayre-atompub-protocol-basic-05.txt
                 draft-sayre-atompub-protocol-basic-06

Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
   This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not
   be created. This document may only be posted in an Internet-Draft.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
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   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April July 28, 2006.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). (2006).

Abstract

   This memo presents a protocol that uses XML and HTTP to publish and
   edit Web resources.

Editorial Note

   To provide feedback on this Internet-Draft, join the atom-protocol
   mailing list <http://www.imc.org/atom-protocol/index.html>.










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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  The Atom Publishing Protocol Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   4.   APP Feeds  Discovery  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6 .  3
   5.   Media Feeds  Listing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7 . . .  4
   6.   APP Outlines  Authoring  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9 .  4
   7.   Security Considerations  Atom Protocol Feeds  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10 . . .  6
   8.   References  Media Feeds  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   9.  Service Description  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
        Author's Address
   10. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   11. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   12. Informative References . . . . . . . . .  11
   A.   Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11 . . . 15
   Appendix B.  Change History  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11 . . . . . . . 16
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . .  13 . . . 17

































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1.  Introduction

   The Atom Publishing Protocol (APP) protocol uses HTTP [RFC2616] and XML [W3C.REC-xml-20040204] [W3C.REC-
   xml-20040204] to publish and edit Web resources.


2.  Notational Conventions

   The APP Atom Protocol namespace is "http://purl.org/atom/app#".  This
   specification refers to it by using the prefix "pub", but that prefix
   is arbitrary.

   The terms 'URI' and 'IRI' are shorthand for the identifiers specified
   in [RFC3986] and [RFC3987].


3.  The Atom Publishing Protocol Model

   The APP Atom Protocol uses HTTP to operate on collections of Web
   resources represented by Atom feeds [AtomFormat].  This section
   illustrates the editing cycle for Atom entries.
   o  GET is used to retrieve a representation of a resource or perform
      a read-only query.
   o  POST is used to create a new, dynamically-named resource.
   o  PUT is used to update a known resource.
   o  DELETE is used to remove a resource.

3.1


4.  Discovery

   To discover the location of the feeds exposed by an APP Atom Protocol
   service, the client must locate and request an APP Outline a Service Description
   Document (Section 6).  APP
   Outlines describe the layout of an APP service.


      Client                      Server
      |                                |
      |  1.) GET Outline Service URI           |
      |------------------------------->|
      |                                |
      |  2.) Service Outline Description Doc   |
      |<-------------------------------|
      |                                |


   1.  The client sends a GET request to the Service Outline Resource. Description URI.





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   2.  The server responds with a APP Outline Service Description Document
       containing the locations of feeds provided by the service.  The
       content of this document can vary based on aspects of the client
       request, including, but not limited to, authentication
       credentials.






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3.2


5.  Listing

   Once the client has discovered the location of a feed in the outline,
   it can request a listing of the feed's entries.  However, a feed
   might contain an extremely large number of entries, so servers are
   likely to list a small subset of them by default.


      Client                      Server
      |                                |
      |  1.) GET to Atom Feed URI      |
      |------------------------------->|
      |                                |
      |  2.) 200 OK, Atom Feed Doc     |
      |<-------------------------------|
      |                                |


   1.  The client sends a GET request to the Atom Feed's URI.
   2.  The server responds with an Atom Feed Document containing a full
       or partial listing of the feed's membership.

3.3


6.  Authoring

   After locating a feed, a client can add entries by sending a POST
   request to the feed; other changes are accomplished by sending HTTP
   requests to each entry.

3.3.1

6.1.  Create


      Client                      Server
      |                                |
      |  1.) POST Entry to Feed URI    |
      |------------------------------->|
      |                                |
      |  2.) 201 Created @ Location    |
      |<-------------------------------|
      |                                |




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   1.  The client sends an Atom Entry to the server via HTTP POST.  The
       Request URI is that of the Atom Feed.
   2.  The server responds with a response of "201 Created" and a
       "Location" header containing the URI of the newly-created Atom
       Entry.









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3.3.2

6.2.  Read


      Client                      Server
      |                                |
      |  1.) GET or HEAD to Entry URI  |
      |------------------------------->|
      |                                |
      |  2.) 200 OK Atom Entry         |
      |<-------------------------------|
      |                                |


   1.  The client sends a GET (or HEAD) request to the entry's URI.
   2.  The server responds with an Atom Entry document.

3.3.3

6.3.  Update


      Client                      Server
      |                                |
      |  1.) PUT to Entry URI          |
      |------------------------------->|
      |                                |
      |  2.) 200 OK                    |
      |<-------------------------------|
      |                                |


   1.  The client PUTs an updated Atom Entry Document to the entry's
       URI.
   2.  The server responds with a successful status code.

3.3.4

6.4.  Delete


      Client                      Server
      |                                |
      |  1.) DELETE to Entry URI       |
      |------------------------------->|
      |                                |
      |  2.) 204 No Content            |
   |<-------------------------------|
   |                                |

   1.  The client sends



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      |<-------------------------------|
      |                                |


   1.  The client sends a DELETE request to the entry's URI.
   2.  The server responds with successful status code.

3.4

6.5.  Success and Failure

   HTTP defines classes of response.  HTTP status codes of the form 2xx
   signal that a request was successful.  HTTP status codes of the form
   4xx or 5xx signal that an error has occurred, and the request has



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   failed.  Consult the HTTP specification for more detailed definitions
   of each status code.

4.  APP


7.  Atom Protocol Feeds

4.1

7.1.  GET

   Feeds can contain extremely large numbers of resources.  A naive
   client such as a web spider or web browser would be overwhelmed if
   the response to a GET contained every entry in the feed, and the
   server would waste large amounts of bandwidth and processing time on
   clients unable to handle the response.  As a result, responses to a
   simple GET request represent a server-determined subset of the
   entries in the feed.
























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   An example APP Atom Protocol feed:


          <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
                xmlns:pub="http://purl.org/atom/app#">
            <title>My Posts1</title>
            <id>urn:uuid:ce61592c-14e2-4557-978e-dfbd444aefa6</id>
            <updated>2005-12-21T04:11:00-08:00</updated>
            <!-- 0 or more atom:entry elements follow -->
            <entry>
              <title type="text">title 25</title>
              <updated>2005-12-21T04:11:00-08:00</updated>
              <author>
                <name>Foo</name>
              </author>
              <summary>It started out looking simple enough...</summary>
              <id>urn:uuid:941e12b4-6eeb-4753-959d-0cbc51875387</id>
              <pub:edit href="./entry7.atom"/>
              <link href="/permalink7.html" />
             </entry>
             ...
          </feed>


   Each member entry is represented by an atom:entry element, but those
   entries are not an editable representation of the entry.  To retrieve
   the source representation of the entry, clients send a GET request to
   the URI found in each entry's pub:edit element (see Section 4.3.1).
   Derived resources are located by examining an entry's atom:link
   elements.

4.2

7.2.  POST

   An APP Atom Protocol feed also accepts POST requests.  The client POSTs a
   representation of the desired resource to the APP feed.  Some feeds



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   only accept POST requests with certain media-types, so a POST MAY
   generate request
   could result in a response with a status code of 415 ("Unsupported
   Media Type").  In the case of a successful creation, the status code
   is 201 ("Created").












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   Example request creating a new entry in a feed:


          POST /collection HTTP/1.1
          Host: example.org
          User-Agent: Cosimo/1.0
          Content-Type: application/atom+xml
          Content-Length: nnnn

          ...data...


   Example response.


          HTTP/1.1 201 Created
          Date: Mon, 21 Mar 2005 19:20:19 GMT
          Server: CountBasic/2.0
          ETag: "4c083-268-423f1dc6"
          Location: http://example.org/stuff/foo13241234.atom

   APP feeds contain primarily textual content.  Examples include
   weblogs, online journals, and wikis.  Clients add entries by sending
   POST requests containing Atom Entry Documents.  Existing entries are
   edited by sending HTTP requests to the URI found in an individual
   entry's pub:edit element.  Servers can determine the processing
   necessary to interpret a request by examining the request's HTTP
   method.  It is probably unwise to change an existing entry's atom:id
   value when issuing a PUT request.

4.3  Entry Extensions

4.3.1  The 'pub:edit' Element

   The pub:edit element is a child of atom:entry and has one attribute,
   'href'.  The value of this attribute is an IRI reference interpreted
   relative to xml:base.

4.3.2  The 'pub:control' Element

   The pub:control element is a child of atom:entry and is used to
   persist editing information and contains arbitrary markup.

5.



8.  Media Feeds

   The entries within Media Feeds are feeds do not represent uniform



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   content.  For example, they might contain JPEG images, text
   documents, MPEG movies, and or any other type of resource the server
   allows.

5.1

8.1.  GET

   Media Feeds return an Atom feed much like Text Feeds, the textual Atom Protcol
   feeds described above, but with a few additions.  The entries also
   contain an atom:content element with a 'src' attribute pointing to
   the media resource.  This URI can be used to edit the uploaded media
   resource, using PUT and DELETE.  Such entries may contain pub:edit elements edit links
   used to edit the entry metadata.  As with other entries, any Atom entry, related and
   derived resources can be located by inspecting an entry's atom:link
   elements.











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   An example Media Feed:


          <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
                xmlns:pub="http://purl.org/atom/app#">
            <title>My Posts1</title>
            <author>
               <name>Foo</name>
            </author>
            <id>urn:uuid:ce61592c-14e2-4557-978e-dfbd444aefa6</id>
            <updated>2005-12-21T04:11:00-08:00</updated>
            <!-- 0 or more atom:entry elements follow -->
            <entry>
              <title type="text">Title25</title>
              <updated>2005-12-21T04:11:00-08:00</updated>
              <id>urn:uuid:941e12b4-6eeb-4753-959d-0cbc51875387</id>
              <link href="/permalink7.html" type="text/html" />
              <link href="/stuff/public/beach.jpg" type="image/jpg"
                    title="Low res public version" />
              <summary>This was awesome.</summary>
              <content src="http://example.org/asdf.jpg" src="http://example.org/beach.tiff" />
            </entry>
            ...
          </feed>


   The Atom Syndication Format requires that each such entry contain an
   atom:title and atom:summary element.  This requirement can be
   challenging to meet without requiring users to enter tedious
   metadata, but servers should attempt to provide textual data about
   the resource in the interests of accessibility.  The atom:title
   element will likely be provided by the client, as a way for users to
   associate their local resources with those they have uploaded to the
   server (see POST below).





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5.2

8.2.  POST

   To add an entry to a Media Feed, clients POST the resource to the
   Media Feed's URI.  Clients should provide a 'Title' request header to
   provide the server with a short string identifying the resource to
   users.  Clients may include a 'Content-Description' header [RFC2045]
   providing a more complete description of the content.  In addition,
   servers may inspect the POSTed entity for additional metadata to be
   exposed in an atom:entry element when listed in a Media Feed.  For
   example, the server might inspect a JPEG file for EXIF headers
   containing creator data.





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   An example request:


          POST /collection HTTP/1.1
          Host: example.org
          User-Agent: Cosimo/1.0
          Content-Type: image/jpg image/tiff
          Content-Length: nnnn
          Title: A Trip to the beach
          Content-Description: It was so fun.

          ...binary data...


   An example response:


          HTTP/1.1 201 Created
          Date: Mon, 21 Mar 2005 19:20:19 GMT
          Server: CountBasic/2.0
          ETag: "4c083-268-423f1dc6"
          Location: http://example.org/stuff/beach.jpg


6.  APP Outlines

   In order for authoring to commence, http://example.org/stuff/beach.tiff


   [@@ deal with response ambiguity noted in WG]


9.  Service Description

   Many Atom Protocol applications require a client must first discover the basic resource layout in
   order to ease configuration requirements.  Servers use Service
   Description documents to convey information about related groups of
   Atom Feeds offered by Protocol feeds.  On a blogging service, for example, each group
   might represent a distinct blog and associated resources.

   Example Service Description document:


      <app xmlns="http://purl.org/atom/app#">
        <service name="My Blog" class="feed"
         href="http://example.com/entries">
         <service name="Photos" class="media feed"
          href="http://example.com/photos"/>
         <service name="Drafts" class="feed"
          href="http://example.com/drafts"/>
        </service>
        <service class="feed" name="Sidebar Blog"
         href="http://example.org/details"/>



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      </app>


   Servers are not required to expose a Service Description document,
   but experimental deployment experience has shown that a single
   document which signals some basic information about the server. server's
   configuration can greatly simplify client implementations.  The outline
   simplest useful Service Description document shows the location of a
   single resource:


      <app>
        <service name="My Blog" class="feed"
         href="http://blog.example.com/app.cgi"/>
      </app>


   If another service is an added, the document can be upgraded to reflect
   new resources.


      <app>
        <service name="My Blog" class="feed"
         href="http://blog.example.com/app.cgi"/>
        <service name="Another Blog" class="feed"
         href="http://another.example.com/app.cgi"/>
      </app>


   Finally, more extensive services could require some amount of
   hierarchical grouping.


      <app>
        <service name="My Blog" class="feed"
         href="http://blog.example.com/app.cgi">
          <service name="Photos" class="media feed"
           href="http://example.com/photos"/>
        </service>
        <service name="Other Things">
          <service name="Another Blog" class="feed"
           href="http://another.example.com/app.cgi"/>
          <service name="A Third Blog" class="feed"
           href="http://third.example.com/app.cgi"/>
        </service>
      </app>





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   This example shows that links to APP Outline feeds can appear in <service>
   elements used to group other resources.  The <service> element named
   "Other Things" does not contain an 'href' attribute, so it functions
   as a simple named group of the services it contains.

9.1.  Categories

   [@@ tbd]

9.2.  Document [APPO]. Format

   Service Description documents MUST be well-formed XML [W3C.REC-xml-
   20040204].

   The top level outline root element of an APP Service Description Document is "<app>".
   This specification does not define any attributes of the <app>
   element, but the element can have any number of attributes.

   Zero or more <service> elements appear as child elements describe distinct groups of resources available on <app>.
   Also, <service> elements may contain zero or more <service> elements.
   This specification defines three attributes of the
   server.  For example, <service> element.
   <service> elements contain at least a user with an account containing three blogs
   would have 3 <outline> 'name' or 'href' attribute.
   Additional service properties too large or structured to include in
   attribute values could appear as child elements under of the root <app> service
   element.  There
   is no requirement

   <app> elements can contain any number of elements that servers support multiple top-level outlines, are not
   <service> elements, and <service> elements can contain any number of
   elements that are not <service> elements.

9.2.1.  The 'name' Attribute

   The 'name' attribute contains a feed may appear in more than one location in the document.

   Clients read APP feeds by visiting the URI located in short string describing the service
   element.  Entities such as "&amp;" and "&lt;" represent their
   corresponding characters ("&" and "<" respectively), not markup.

9.2.2.  The 'href' Attribute

   The 'href' attribute of contains an <outline> IRI reference interpreted relative
   to the in-scope base IRI [RFC3987].  Most protocols require URIs
   [RFC3986], so IRIs usually need to be converted to URIs before being
   dereferenced.

9.2.3.  The 'class' Attribute

   The 'class' attribute contains a space-separated list of strings used
   to classify the service element.  This URI also serves as specification defines two
   values for the 'class' attribute:



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   location                  APP Basic                   January 2006


   o  feed
   o  media feed

   These values correspond to standard feeds and media feeds,
   respectively.  If the 'class' attribute is not present, the <service>
   element can be processed as if the attribute were present with a client POSTs new entries to.
   value of 'feed'.

9.2.4.  Relax NG Schema

   Service Description documents conform to the schema below.


      default namespace = "http://purl.org/atom/app#"
      start = app

      app = element app {
        anyAttribute*,
        (service* & anyElement*)
      }

      service = element service {
        (nameAtt | hrefAtt), anyAttribute*,
        (service* & anyElement*)
      }

      nameAtt = attribute name { text }
      hrefAtt = attribute href { text }
      classAtt = attribute class { text }

      anyElement = element * { (anyAttribute | text | anyElement)* }
      anyAttribute = attribute * { text }


9.2.5.  Extending Service Description

   The 'class' Service Description document format can be freely extended by
   adding attributes and elements not defined by this specification.

   Valid Service Description document with extensions:


      <app xmlns="http://purl.org/atom/app#" foo="bar">
        <blog-userid>42</blog-userid>
        <service name="Baz" qux="hmmm" href="http://example.com">
          <some-other-extension>hmm</some-other-extension>
        </service>
      </app>



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   Additional service properties too large or structured to include in
   attribute values could appear as child elements of the <service> or
   <app> elements. <app> elements may contain any number of the
   <outline> element indicates the type elements
   that are not <service> elements, and <service> elements may contain
   any number of feed.  This specification
   defines two values for elements that are not <service> elements.

9.2.6.  User Agent Conformance

   Foreign markup is markup not defined by this specification.

   Software consuming Service Description documents must not halt
   processing when any foreign markup is encountered.  Software may
   ignore the 'class' attribute:

   o  feed
   o  media feed

   These values correspond to standard feeds markup and media feeds,
   respectively.

   An example APP Outline: process any content of foreign elements as
   though the surrounding markup were not present.  For example,
   software may process


      <app>
     <outline class="feed" text="Main Blog" href="/entries">
       <outline class="media feed" text="Photos" href="/photos"/>
       <outline class="feed" text="Drafts" href="/drafts">
     </outline>
     <outline class="feed" text="Side Bar
        <workspace>
          <service name="My Blog" href="/2/entries">
       <outline class="feed" text="Stuff" href="/2/stuff">
     </outline>
     <outline
           href="http://example.com/entries">
            <service name="Photos" class="media feed" text="Moblog" href="/moblog"/>
             href="http://example.com/jpgs"/>
            <view title="Archives" seek="...">
            <view title="2005" href="..." />
              ...
            </view>
          </service>
        </workspace>
      </app>



7.  Security Considerations

   APP relies on HTTP Authentication.  See [RFC2617] for a more detailed
   description of


   as though the security properties of HTTP Authentication.

8.  References

   [APPO]     Sayre, R., "APP Outline Format",  work-in-progress,
              draft-sayre-atompub-protocol-outline-00, October 2005.

   [AtomFormat]
              Nottingham, M. and R. Sayre, "The Atom Syndication
              Format",  work-in-progress, August 2005.

   [RFC2045]  Freed, N. <workspace> and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
              Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
              Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC2617]  Franks, J., Hallam-Baker, P., Hostetler, J., Lawrence, S., <view> elements were not present.

   Software conforming to this specification may halt processing when
   documents that do not conform to the schema are encountered.


10.  IANA Considerations

   [@@ fill out in for application/sd+xml (service description)]


11.  Security Considerations







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              Leach, P., Luotonen, A., and L. Stewart, "HTTP
              Authentication:                  APP Basic and Digest Access Authentication",
              RFC 2617, June 1999.

   [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
              RFC 3986, January 2005.

   [RFC3987]  Duerst, M. and M. Suignard, "Internationalized Resource
              Identifiers (IRIs)", RFC 3987,                   January 2005.

   [W3C.REC-xml-20040204]
              Yergeau, F., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Bray, T.,
              and E. Maler, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third
              Edition)", W3C REC REC-xml-20040204, February 2004.


Author's Address

   Robert Sayre

   Email: rfsayre@boswijck.com
   URI:   http://boswijck.com 2006


12.  Informative References


Appendix A.  Contributors  Acknowledgements

   This draft is a variant of the in-progress Atom Publishing Protocol
   specification from the IETF Atompub WG, and owes a debt to the WG's
   members.


Appendix B.  Change History
   -06:  Change service description format.
      Change IPR terms to full3978
   -interlude:  More unproductive WG thrashing.
   -05:  Death to collections!
      Switch APPO instead of XOXO.
      State the obvious about the extension elements.
      Remove RFC2119 reference.
      Change "Normative References" to "References".
   -04:  Add pub:control element.
      Reword collection POST.
      Prophesize about atom:id.
   -03:  Remove search/query capabilities added in -02 Drop round-tripping. round-
      tripping.  Most of them were writable, some folks wanted to edit
      atom:updated, that leaves atom:id, and that seems foolish to try
      and edit, so go ahead and try it if you think you can.






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      Drop ordering... let the server pop things up if it wants to.
   -02:  Add search/query capabilities.
   -01:  Split from WG draft, cut SOAP, and much other cruft.
   -interlude:  Becomes WG draft.
   -00:  Split from WG draft draft.





















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Author's Address

   Robert Sayre

   Email: rfsayre@boswijck.com














































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Acknowledgment

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